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Does magnetic turbulence explain anomalous electron energy transport?

M A Dubois, P Ghendrih, B Pegourie, R Sabot, A Samain, M Zabiego, X L Zou1994年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The question of anomalous transport of the energy of the electrons has been puzzling tokamak physicists for nearly as long as tokamaks exist (and internal disruptions is the other riddle which has reached its twentieth anniversary...). Magnetic turbulence has been suggested as a possible answer for a long time, but linear theory gave negative results, and experimental evidence could not be obtained with existing diagnostics until recently. In the past few years, much progress has been made, and although no final conclusion can be reached yet, it is useful to regroup and compare the latest theoretical and experimental results. As recent and exhaustive reviews already exist, we will not try to cover all the existing literature, but rather adopt a more personal and maybe biased point of view. In the first part, we discuss the possible theoretical approaches, and point out the directions along which progress should be made, especially the need to obtain a dynamical description of the magnetic structure, taking into account the feedback which the induced transport has on the instabilities. In the second part, we review and discuss the experimental evidence in favour of magnetic turbulence, and discuss the relevance of the observations to the explanation of the measured transport coefficients. Although we try to cover most of the available data, many illustrations will be taken from the Tore Supra tokamak, which is well endowed with diagnostics of the fine scale magnetic structure.

日本語訳

電子のエネルギーの異常輸送の問題は、トカマクが存在するほぼ当初からトカマク物理学者を悩ませ続けてきた(そして内部ディスラプションは、20周年を迎えたもう一つの謎である……)。磁気乱流が長い間、有力な答えとして示唆されてきたが、線形理論は否定的な結果を与え、実験的証拠は最近まで既存の診断装置では得られなかった。過去数年間で多くの進展がなされ、まだ最終的な結論には至っていないものの、最新の理論的・実験的結果を再編成し比較することは有用である。既に網羅的で詳細なレビューが存在するため、我々は既存の文献のすべてを網羅しようとはせず、むしろより個人的で、おそらくは偏った視点を採用する。第一部では、可能な理論的アプローチについて議論し、進展がなされるべき方向性を指摘する。特に、誘起された輸送が不安定性に及ぼすフィードバックを考慮に入れた、磁気構造の動的記述を得る必要性に焦点を当てる。第二部では、磁気乱流を支持する実験的証拠を概観し、測定された輸送係数の説明に対する観測結果の関連性について議論する。利用可能なデータの大部分を網羅するよう努めるが、多くの例証は、微細スケールの磁気構造の診断装置に恵まれたTore Supraトカマクから取られることになる。

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