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Helium induced nanoscopic morphology on tungsten under fusion relevant plasma conditions

M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner2008年被引用 487Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Polished W discs exposed to pure He plasma in the PISCES-B linear-divertor-plasma simulator at 1120 and 1320 K are found to develop deeply nanostructured surface layers consisting of a conglomerate of amorphous 'nanorods'. The growth of the thickness of the nanostructured layer is explored for exposure times spanning 300–(2.2 × 104) s in He plasmas of density ne ∼ 4 × 1018 m−3 and temperature Te ∼ 6–8 eV where the average He-ion surface-impact energy is ∼60 eV, below the threshold for physical sputtering. A nanostructured layer in excess of 5 µm thick is observed for the longest exposure time explored. The kinetics of the layer growth are found to follow Fick's law, characterized by an effective diffusive mechanism with coefficients of diffusion: D1120 K = 6.6 ± 0.4 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 and D1320 K = 2.0± 0.5 × 10−11 cm2 s−1. The diffusion of He atoms in W is considered too rapid to explain the observed growth of surface modification and points to the interplay of other mechanisms, such as the availability of thermal vacancies and/or the slower diffusion of He through the forming nanostructured layer.

日本語訳

鏡面研磨されたWディスクをPISCES-Bリニアダイバータ模擬装置において純ヘリウムプラズマに1120 Kおよび1320 Kで曝露したところ、非晶質「ナノロッド」の集合体からなる深いナノ構造表面層が形成されることが見出された。ナノ構造層の厚さの成長を、曝露時間300秒から2.2×10⁴秒の範囲、ヘリウムプラズマ密度nₑ〜4×10¹⁸ m⁻³、温度Tₑ〜6〜8 eV、平均ヘリウムイオン表面入射エネルギー〜60 eV(物理スパッタリングの閾値以下)の条件下で調査した。調査した最長曝露時間において、5 µmを超える厚さのナノ構造層が観察された。層の成長速度論はフィックの法則に従うことが見出され、有効拡散機構によって特徴づけられ、拡散係数はD₁₁₂₀K = 6.6±0.4×10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹およびD₁₃₂₀K = 2.0±0.5×10⁻¹¹ cm² s⁻¹であった。W中のHe原子の拡散は、観察された表面改質の成長を説明するには速すぎると考えられ、熱空孔の存在および/または形成中のナノ構造層を通るHeのより遅い拡散など、他の機構の関与を示唆している。

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