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Liquid metal flows in insulating elements of self-cooled blankets

S Molokov1995年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractLiquid metal flows in insulating rectangular ducts in strong magnetic fields are considered with reference to poloidal concepts of self-cooled blankets. Although the major part of the flow in poloidal blanket concepts is close to being fully developed, manifolds, expansions, contractions, elbows, etc., which are necessary elements in blanket designs, cause three-dimensional effects. The present investigation demonstrates the flow pattern in basic insulating geometries for actual and more advanced liquid metal blanket concepts and discusses the ways to avoid pressure losses caused by flow redistribution. Flows in several geometries, such as symmetric and non-symmetric 180° turns with and without manifolds, sharp and linear expansions with and without manifolds, etc., have been considered. They demonstrate the attractiveness of poloidal concepts of liquid metal blankets, since they guarantee uniform conditions for heat transfer. If changes in the duct cross-section occur in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field (ideally a coolant should always flow in the radial-poloidal plane), the disturbances are local and the slug velocity profile is reached roughly at a distance equivalent to one duct width from the manifolds, expansions, etc. The effects of inertia in these flows are unimportant for the determination of the pressure drop and velocity profiles in the core of the flow but may favour heat transfer characteristics via instabilities and strongly anisotropic turbulence.

日本語訳

液体金属の強磁場中における絶縁性矩形ダクト内流れを、自己冷却ブランケットのポロイダル概念に関連して考察する。ポロイダルブランケット概念における流れの大部分は十分発達した状態に近いが、マニホールド、拡大部、縮小部、エルボ等はブランケット設計に必要な要素であり、これらは三次元効果を引き起こす。本研究は、実際の、そしてより先進的な液体金属ブランケット概念における基本的な絶縁性形状内の流動パターンを実証し、流れの再分布によって引き起こされる圧力損失を回避する方法を議論するものである。マニホールドの有無にかかわらない対称および非対称の180°ターン、マニホールドの有無にかかわらない急拡大および緩やかな拡大などのいくつかの形状における流れを検討した。これらは、熱伝達の均一な条件を保証するため、液体金属ブランケットのポロイダル概念の魅力を示している。ダクト断面の変化が磁場に垂直な面内で生じる場合(理想的には、冷媒は常に半径-ポロイダル面内を流れるべきである)、擾乱は局所的であり、スラグ速度分布はマニホールドや拡大部などからおおよそダクト幅の1倍の距離で達成される。これらの流れにおける慣性の影響は、流れのコアにおける圧力降下と速度分布の決定には重要ではないが、不安定性および強い異方性乱流を介した熱伝達特性の向上に寄与する可能性がある。

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