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Formation of solitary zonal structures via the modulational instability of drift waves

Yao Zhou, Hongxuan Zhu, I Y Dodin2019年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The dynamics of the radial envelope of a weak coherent drift-wave (DW) is approximately governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), which emerges as a limit of the modified Hasegawa–Mima equation (mHME). The NLSE has well-known soliton solutions, and its modulational instability (MI) can naturally generate solitary structures. In this paper, we demonstrate that this simple model can adequately describe the formation of solitary zonal structures in the mHME, but only when the amplitude of the coherent DW is relatively small. At larger amplitudes, the MI produces stationary zonal structures instead. Furthermore, we find that incoherent DWs with beam-like spectra can also be modulationally unstable to the formation of solitary or stationary zonal structures, depending on the beam intensity. Notably, we show that these DWs can be modeled as quantum-like particles ('driftons') within a recently developed phase-space (Wigner–Moyal) formulation, which intuitively depicts the solitary zonal structures as quasi-monochromatic drifton condensates. Quantum-like effects, such as diffraction, are essential to these condensates; hence, the latter cannot be described by wave-kinetic models that are based on the ray approximation.

日本語訳

弱いコヒーレントなドリフト波(DW)の動径方向の包絡線のダイナミクスは、修正長谷川・三間方程式(mHME)の極限として現れる非線形シュレーディンガー方程式(NLSE)によって近似的に支配される。NLSEはよく知られたソリトン解を持ち、その変調不安定性(MI)は自然に孤立構造を生成し得る。本論文では、この単純なモデルがmHMEにおける孤立した帯状構造の形成を適切に記述できることを示すが、それはコヒーレントなDWの振幅が比較的小さい場合に限られる。振幅が大きい場合には、MIは代わりに定常的な帯状構造を生成する。さらに、ビーム状スペクトルを持つ非コヒーレントなDWも、ビーム強度に依存して、孤立したまたは定常的な帯状構造の形成に対して変調不安定性を示し得ることを見出す。特筆すべきことに、これらのDWは、最近開発された位相空間(ウィグナー・モイヤル)形式において量子様粒子(「ドリフトン」)としてモデル化でき、これにより孤立した帯状構造が準単色ドリフトン凝縮体として直感的に記述される。回折などの量子様効果はこれらの凝縮体にとって本質的であり、したがって後者は光線近似に基づく波動動力学モデルでは記述できない。

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Zonal flowDrift wavesModulational instability
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