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Doppler backscattering for spherical tokamaks and measurement of high-k density fluctuation wavenumber spectrum in MAST

J.C. Hillesheim, N.A. Crocker, W.A. Peebles, H. Meyer, A. Meakins, A.R. Field, D. Dunai, M. Carr, N. Hawkes, the MAST Team2015年被引用 39Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The high-k () wavenumber spectrum of density fluctuations has been measured for the first time in MAST (Lloyd et al 2003 Nucl. Fusion43 1665). This was accomplished with the first implementation of Doppler backscattering (DBS) for core measurements in a spherical tokamak. DBS has become a well-established and versatile diagnostic technique for the measurement of intermediate- k (, and higher) density fluctuations and flows in magnetically confined fusion experiments. Previous implementations of DBS for core measurements have been in standard, large aspect ratio tokamaks. A novel implementation with two-dimensional (2D) steering was necessary to enable DBS measurements in MAST, where the large variation of the magnetic field pitch angle presents a challenge. We report on the scattering considerations and ray tracing calculations used to optimize the design and present data demonstrating measurement capabilities. Initial results confirm the applicability of the design and implementation approaches, showing the strong dependence of scattering alignment on the toroidal launch angle and demonstrating that DBS is sensitive to the local magnetic field pitch angle. We also present comparisons of DBS plasma velocity measurements with charge exchange recombination and beam emission spectroscopy measurements, which show reasonable agreement over most of the minor radius, but imply large poloidal flows approaching the magnetic axis in a discharge with an internal transport barrier. The 2D steering is shown to enable high-k measurements with DBS, at cm () for launch frequencies less than 75 GHz; this capability is used to measure the wavenumber spectrum of turbulence and we find for –11, which is similar to the expectation for the turbulent kinetic cascade of .

日本語訳

高波数(k)密度ゆらぎスペクトルがMASTにおいて初めて測定された(Lloyd et al 2003 Nucl. Fusion43 1665)。これは、球状トカマクのコア領域におけるドップラー後方散乱(DBS)の初めての実装によって達成された。DBSは、磁気閉じ込め核融合実験において、中間波数(k、およびそれ以上)の密度ゆらぎと流れを測定するための、確立された多用途の診断手法となっている。これまでのDBSのコア測定の実装は、標準的なアスペクト比の大きいトカマクにおいて行われてきた。MASTでは磁場ピッチ角の大きな変化が課題となるため、DBS測定を可能にするには、二次元(2D)ステアリングを備えた新しい実装が必要であった。本論文では、設計を最適化するために用いた散乱に関する考察と光線追跡計算について報告し、測定能力を示すデータを提示する。初期の結果は、設計および実装アプローチの適用可能性を確認し、散乱のアライメントがトロイダル方向の入射角に強く依存することを示し、DBSが局所的な磁場ピッチ角に敏感であることを実証している。また、DBSによるプラズマ速度測定と、電荷交換再結合およびビーム発光分光による測定との比較も提示する。これらの比較は、主半径の大部分で合理的な一致を示すが、内部輸送障壁を伴う放電においては、磁気軸付近で大きなポロイダル流の存在を示唆する。2Dステアリングにより、入射周波数が75 GHz未満の場合、高波数(k)測定がDBSで可能になることが示された。この能力を用いて乱流の波数スペクトルを測定したところ、kρ_i = 3~11においてP(k) ∝ k^{-3}~-11が得られ、これは乱流運動カスケードのk^{-11/3}という期待値と類似している。

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mast高精度(タイトル一致)

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Spherical tokamakMASTDensity fluctuation
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