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Energy analysis and carbon dioxide emission of Tokamak fusion power reactors

Koji Tokimatsu, Hiroki Hondo, Yuichi Ogawa, Kunihiko Okano, Makoto Katsurai2000年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractEnergy gain and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of tokamak fusion power reactors are evaluated in this study compared with other reactor types, structural materials, and other Japanese energy sources currently in use. The reactors treated in this study are (1) a conventional physics performance international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), like a reactor based upon the ITER engineering design activity (ITER-EDA), (2) a RS (reversed shear) reactor using the reversed shear safety-factor/plasma current profile, and (3) a ST (spherical torus) reactor based upon the final version of the advanced reactor innovative engineering study ST (ARIES-ST). The input energy and CO2 emission from these reactors are calculated by multiplying the weight or cost of the fusion reactor components by the energy intensity and/or with the CO2 intensity data, which are updated as often as possible. The ITER cost estimation is estimated based on the component unit costs. The following results were obtained: (1) The RS and the ST reactor can double the energy gain and reduce CO2 emission by one-half compared with the ITER-like reactor. (2) Silicon carbide (SiC) used as the structural material of inner vessel components is best for energy gain and CO2 emission reduction. (3) The ITER-like reactor is slightly superior to a photovoltaic (PV) with regard to CO2 emission. (4) The energy gain and CO2 emission intensity of the RS reactor and the ST reactor are as excellent as those of a fission reactor and a hydro-powered generator. These results indicate that a tokamak fusion power reactor can be one of the most effective power-generating technologies both in high-energy payback gains and reduction of CO2.

日本語訳

トカマク核融合発電炉のエネルギー利得とCO2排出量を、他の炉型、構造材料、および現在使用されている他の日本のエネルギー源と比較して評価した。対象とした炉は、(1)従来の物理性能を持つ国際熱核融合実験炉(ITER)に基づく炉、例えばITER工学設計活動(ITER-EDA)に基づく炉、(2)反転磁場安全係数/プラズマ電流分布を用いたRS(反転磁場)炉、(3)先進工学設計研究ST(球形トーラス)の最終版に基づくST(球形トーラス)炉である。これらの炉の投入エネルギーとCO2排出量は、核融合炉の構成要素の重量またはコストに、可能な限り最新のエネルギー原単位および/またはCO2排出原単位データを乗じて算出した。ITERのコスト見積もりは、構成要素の単価に基づいて行われた。得られた結果は以下の通りである。(1)RS炉とST炉は、ITER類似炉と比較して、エネルギー利得を2倍にし、CO2排出量を半分に削減できる。(2)内側容器の構造材料として炭化ケイ素(SiC)を使用することが、エネルギー利得とCO2排出削減の観点から最適である。(3)ITER類似炉は、CO2排出量に関して太陽光発電(PV)よりもわずかに優れている。(4)RS炉とST炉のエネルギー利得とCO2排出原単位は、核分裂炉や水力発電所と同等に優れている。これらの結果は、トカマク核融合発電炉が、高いエネルギー回収効率とCO2排出削減の両方において、最も効果的な発電技術の一つとなり得ることを示している。

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