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MHD simulations of cold bubble formation from 2/1 tearing mode during massive gas injection in a tokamak

Shiyong Zeng, Ping Zhu, V.A. Izzo, Haolong Li, Zhonghe Jiang2022年被引用 10Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Massive gas injection (MGI) experiments have been carried out in many tokamaks to study disruption dynamics and mitigation schemes. Two events often observed in those experiments are the excitation of the m = 2, n = 1 magnetohydrodynamic mode, and the formation of cold bubble structure in the temperature distribution before the thermal quench (TQ). Here m is the poloidal mode number, n the toroidal mode number. The physics mechanisms underlying those phenomena, however, have not been entirely clear. In this work, our recent NIMROD simulations of the MGI process in a tokamak have reproduced the main features of both events, which has allowed us to examine and establish the causal relation between them. In these simulations, the 3/1 and 2/1 islands are found to form successively after the arrival of impurity ion cold front at the corresponding q = 3 and q = 2 rational surfaces. At the interface between impurity and plasma, a local thin current sheet forms due to an enhanced local pressure gradient and moves inward following the gas cold front, this may contribute to the formation of a dominant 2/1 mode. Following the growth of the 2/1 tearing mode, the impurity penetration into the core region inside the q = 2 surface gives rise to the formation of the cold bubble temperature structure and initiates the final TQ. A subdominant 1/1 mode developed earlier near the q = 1 surface alone does not cause such a cold bubble formation, however, the exact manner of the preceding impurity penetration depends on the nature of the 1/1 mode: kink-tearing or quasi-interchange.

日本語訳

大規模ガス入射(MGI)実験は、多くのトカマクにおいて、ディスラプションのダイナミクスとその緩和機構を研究するために実施されてきた。これらの実験では、しばしば2つの事象が観測される:m = 2、n = 1磁気流体力学モードの励起と、熱クエンチ(TQ)前の温度分布における冷たいバブル構造の形成である。ここで、mはポロイダルモード数、nはトロイダルモード数である。しかしながら、これらの現象の背後にある物理メカニズムは完全には解明されていない。本研究では、トカマクにおけるMGI過程の我々の最近のNIMRODシミュレーションが、両方の事象の主な特徴を再現することに成功した。シミュレーション結果は、3/1および2/1モードが、対応するq = 3およびq = 2有理面への不純物イオン冷フロントの到着後に連続的に形成されることを示している。冷フロントとプラズマの界面では、局所的な圧力勾配の増大により薄い電流シートが形成され、これがモードの成長を促進する。さらに、2/1モードの成長に続いて、q = 2面の内側への不純物浸透が起こり、これが冷たいバブル構造の形成とその後のTQを引き起こすことが明らかになった。また、q = 1面の近くで発生するサブドミナントな1/1モードの役割も調査した。このモードは、その性質(キンク・テアリング型か準インターチェンジ型か)に応じて、冷たいバブルの形成を促進または抑制する可能性がある。

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MagnetohydrodynamicsTearing modeMassive gas injection
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