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Effect of tailored density profiles on the stability of imploding Z-pinches at microsecond rise time megaampere currents

R K Cherdizov, R B Baksht, V A Kokshenev, V I Oreshkin, A G Rousskikh, A V Shishlov, D L Shmelev, A S Zhigalin2022年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

To study the effect of the radial density profile of the material of a metal-plasma Z-pinch load on the development of magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor (MRT) instabilities, experiments have been performed at the Institute of High Current Electronics with the GIT-12 generator which produces microsecond rise time megaampere currents. The Z-pinch load was an aluminum plasma jet (PJ) with an outer plasma shell. This configuration leads to the formation of a uniform current sheath in a Z-pinch load upon application of a high-voltage pulse. It was successfully used in experiments with hybrid deuterium gas-puffs (Klir et al 2020 New J. Phys.22 103036). The initial density profiles of the Z-pinch loads were estimated from the pinch current and voltage waveforms using the zero-dimensional 'snowplow' model, and they were verified by simulating the expansion of the PJ formed by a vacuum arc using a two-dimensional quasi-neutral hybrid model (Shmelev et al 2020 Phys. Plasmas27 092708). Two Z-pinch load configurations were used in the experiments. The first configuration provided tailored load density profiles, which could be described as ρ(r) ≈ 1/r^s for s > 2. In this case, MRT instabilities were suppressed and thus a K-shell radiation yield of 11 kJ cm−1 and a peak power of 0.67 TW cm−1 could be attained at a current of about 3 MA. For the second configuration, the radial density profiles were intentionally changed using a reflector. This led to the appearance of a notch in the density profiles at radii of 1–3 cm from the pinch axis and to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities at the final implosion stage. As a result, the K-shell radiation yield more than halved and the power decreased to 0.15 TW cm−1 at a current of about 3.5 MA.

日本語訳

Zピンチ負荷の材料の半径方向密度分布が磁気レイリー・テイラー(MRT)不安定性の成長に及ぼす影響を研究するため、マイクロ秒立ち上がり時間のメガアンペア電流を生成するGIT-12発生装置を用いて、高電流電子研究所で実験が行われた。Zピンチ負荷は、外部プラズマシェルを有するアルミニウムプラズマジェット(PJ)であった。この構成により、高電圧パルス印加時にZピンチ負荷内に均一な電流シースが形成される。この手法は、ハイブリッド重水素ガスパフを用いた実験で成功裏に使用された(Klirら、2020年、New J. Phys. 22、103036)。Zピンチ負荷の初期密度分布は、ゼロ次元「スノープロー」モデルを用いてピンチ電流および電圧波形から推定され、二次元準中性ハイブリッドモデルを用いた真空アークによるPJの膨張シミュレーションによって検証された(Shmelevら、2020年、Phys. Plasmas 27、092708)。実験では2種類のZピンチ負荷構成が使用された。第1の構成では、s > 2としてρ(r) ≈ 1/r^sと記述できる調整された負荷密度分布が提供された。この場合、MRT不安定性は抑制され、約3 MAの電流においてK殻放射収量11 kJ cm⁻¹およびピーク出力0.67 TW cm⁻¹が達成された。第2の構成では、リフレクターを用いて半径方向密度分布が意図的に変更された。これにより、ピンチ軸から1〜3 cmの半径範囲に密度分布のノッチ(窪み)が生じ、最終収束段階で磁気流体力学的不安定性が出現した。その結果、K殻放射収量は半分以上に減少し、約3.5 MAの電流において出力は0.15 TW cm⁻¹に低下した。

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