The observed toroidal rotation in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode plasmas has been found to depend strongly on the magnetic configuration. For standard discharges with a lower single null and the ion B × ∇B drift downward, and with BT = 5.4 T, IP = 0.8 MA and ne = 1.4 × 1020 m−3, the core toroidal rotation is measured to be in the range of 10–20 km s−1 (counter-current). Similar plasmas with upper single null (USN) have significantly stronger counter-current rotation, in the range 30–50 km s−1. The rotation depends very sensitively on the distance between the primary and secondary separatrices in near double null plasmas, with changes of ∼25 km s−1 occurring over a variation of a few millimetres in this distance. Application of ICRF power has been found to increase the rotation in the co-current direction. The transition to H-mode is seen to occur in these standard plasmas when the core rotation reaches a characteristic value, near 0 km s−1; hence higher input power is needed to induce the transition in the USN configuration.
Co- and counter-current rotation in Tore Supra lower hybrid current drive plasmas