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Studying planetary matter using intense x-ray pulses

K Appel, M Nakatsutsumi, A Pelka, G Priebe, I Thorpe, Th Tschentscher2015年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Free-electron laser facilities enable new applications in the field of high-pressure research including planetary materials. The European x-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL) in Hamburg, Germany will start user operation in 2017 and will provide photon energies of up to 25 keV. The high-energy density science instrument (HED) is one of the six baseline instruments at the European XFEL. It is dedicated to the study of dense material at strong excitation in a temperature range from eV to keV and pressures >100 GPa which is equivalent to an energy density >100 J mm−3. It will enable studying structural and electronic properties of excited states with hard x-rays. The instrument is currently in its technical design phase and first user experiments are foreseen for summer 2017. In this contribution, we present the x-ray instrumentation and foreseen x-ray techniques at HED and concentrate on prototype hard-condensed matter experiments in the field of planetary research as proposed during recent user consortium meetings for this instrument. These include quasi-isentropic (ramped) compression and shock compression experiments.

日本語訳

自由電子レーザー施設は、惑星物質を含む高圧研究の分野において新たな応用を可能にする。ドイツ・ハンブルクに所在する欧州XFEL(European XFEL)は、2017年にユーザー運転を開始し、最大25 keVの光子エネルギーを提供する予定である。高エネルギー密度科学機器(HED)は、欧州XFELにおける6つの基盤機器のうちの1つである。本機器は、eVからkeVの温度範囲、100 GPaを超える圧力という極限条件下における高密度物質の強励起状態の研究を目的としている。これは、エネルギー密度100 GJ mm⁻³以上に相当する。本機器により、硬X線を用いた励起状態の構造的・電子的特性の研究が可能となる。本装置は現在技術設計段階にあり、最初のユーザー実験は2017年夏に予定されている。本稿では、HEDにおけるX線機器と予定されているX線技術について報告し、準等エントロピー(ランプ)圧縮および衝撃圧縮実験という2つの主要な実験手法に焦点を当てる。

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