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Analyses of loss of vacuum accident (LOVA) in ITER

T. Honda, H.-W. Bartels, B. Merrill, T. Inabe, T. Okazaki1999年Fusion Engineering and DesignIF 1.7出版社

AbstractA loss of vacuum accident (LOVA) is a unique event in fusion reactors. A reference event for ITER was postulated which was a failure of a penetration line (0.02 m2 cross-section) into a room with stack ventilation. Behavior of ingress air and environmental release of the inventory were calculated by an accident analysis code (MELCOR). No in-vessel component cooling was assumed because of a non-safety system and 1350 g-T as tritium (HTO) and 30 kg as tokamak dust (tungsten) were set in the vacuum vessel (VV) as the initial mobile inventory. Operation of the maintenance detritiation system (MDS) after 1 h was credited to limit the release. The analytical results showed that the environmental release of tritium (19 g-T) from the stack was a factor of 5 below the accidental release limit for ITER, and the release of dust (21 g) from the stack is a factor of 25 below the release limit. To investigate the ultimate safety margin, a hypothetical event was also analyzed which was a failure of a penetration line (0.2 m2 cross-section) into a room with ground level ventilation. Since the best estimate analysis assumed in-vessel cooling, which resulted in cooling down the walls, the mobile tritium inventory was reduced to 390 g-T. The large break size caused fast pressurization of the VV and thus the whole dust inventory (110 kg) was expected to be mobile. The ground level release was less than half of the no-evacuation limit under conservative weather conditions.

日本語訳

真空喪失事故(LOVA)は核融合炉に特有の事象である。ITERを対象とした参照事象として、スタック換気を有する室への貫通配管の破断(断面積0.02 m²)を想定した。侵入空気の挙動と放射性インベントリの環境放出について、事故解析コード(MELCOR)を用いて評価した。非安全系であることから容器内構成機器の冷却は考慮せず、真空容器(VV)内の初期移動性インベントリとしてトリチウム(HTO)1350 g、トカマクダスト(タングステン)30 kgを設定した。事故後1時間からの維持系デトリチウム化装置(MDS)の作動を放出低減策として考慮した。解析の結果、スタックからのトリチウム環境放出量は19 gであり、ITERの事故時放出限度の5分の1以下であることが示された。また、ダスト放出量は21 gであり、放出限度の25分の1以下であった。更なる安全余裕を評価するため、地表面換気を有する室への貫通配管の破断(断面積0.2 m²)を想定した仮想的な事象についても解析を実施した。この保守的な評価では、容器内冷却を考慮しない場合、真空容器の急速な加圧により全ダストインベントリ(110 kg)が移動性となると想定された。しかし、地表面放出の場合でも、保守的な気象条件のもとでの環境放出量は、無換気時の放出限度の半分以下に留まることが示された。

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