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Impurity and radiation studies during the JET Ohmic Heating Phase

K.H. Behringer, P.G. Carolan, B. Denne, G. Decker, W. Engelhardt, M.J. Forrest, R. Gill, N. Gottardi, N.C. Hawkes, E. Källne1986年被引用 52Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

During the Ohmic Heating Phase of JET operation (June 1983 – September 1984), impurities in the plasma have been studied by visible and VUV spectroscopy, and from bolometer and soft X-ray signals. The measurements provide information on impurity influxes and impurity densities in the plasma. Plasma dimensions and parameters were a = 1.1 m, b = 1.3–1.5 m, R = 3 m, 1p ≤ 3.7 MA, e ≤ 3.3 × 1019m−3. – Oxygen, carbon, wall material (Ni, Cr, Fe), molybdenum and chlorine have been identified as the main impurities in the plasma. The metal impurities came mainly from the carbon limiter surfaces, where they had been deposited during operation and cleaning procedures. The metal densities increased with plasma current and decreased with electron density, while light impurities depended more on the state of the vacuum vessel and size and elongation of the plasma. There is a consistent anti-correlation of light impurities and metals. – There were two main campaigns to clean the plasma: a period of 12 000 PDC pulses and repetitive carbonization of the vessel walls. In the first case, some reduction of oxygen and chlorine was noted, and the molybdenum fraction in the plasma decreased. However, at densities of 2 × 1019 m−3, the radiated power was still about 80% of the Ohmic input power, and Zeff was about 4.5. Carbonization reduced the metal content by about a factor of five, and oxygen and chlorine decreased gradually. Thus the radiated power was as low as 40% PΩ. High electron densities (∼ 3 × 1019 m−3) led to higher radiated power (80% PΩ, hollow radiation profiles), but reduced Zeff to values below three. The impurity levels of high density pulses after carbonization were as low as 2.5%C, 1%O, 0.05% Cl and 0.01 5% metals, resulting in Zeff≈2.6 and a fraction of deuterons of about 75%.

日本語訳

JETのオーミック加熱段階(1983年6月~1984年9月)において、プラズマ中の不純物が可視およびVUV分光法、ボロメータおよび軟X線シグナルによって研究された。これらの測定により、プラズマ中の不純物流入量と不純物密度に関する情報が得られた。プラズマ寸法およびパラメータは、a = 1.1 m、b = 1.3~1.5 m、R = 3 m、Ip ≤ 3.7 MA、ne ≤ 3.3 × 10^19 m^-3 であった。酸素、炭素、壁材(Ni、Cr、Fe)、モリブデン、塩素がプラズマ中の主な不純物として同定された。金属不純物は主にカーボンリミター表面に由来し、そこには運転および洗浄手順の間に堆積していた。金属密度はプラズマ電流とともに増加し、電子密度とともに減少した一方、軽不純物は真空容器の状態ならびにプラズマの伸長度およびサイズにより強く依存した。軽不純物と金属の間には一貫した逆相関が観察された。プラズマを洗浄するための2つの主要なキャンペーンが実施された:12,000回のパルスによる放電洗浄期間と、容器壁の反復的なカーボン化である。前者では酸素と塩素の減少が認められ、プラズマ中のモリブデン割合も減少した。しかし、密度2 × 10^19 m^-3 において、放射損失パワーは依然としてオーミック入力パワーの約80%であり、Zeff は約4.5であった。カーボン化により金属含有量は約5分の1に減少し、酸素と塩素は徐々に減少した。その結果、放射損失パワーはオーミック入力パワーの40%まで低下した。高密度(∼3 × 10^19 m^-3)では放射損失パワーはより高く(オーミック入力パワーの80%、中空の放射プロファイル)、Zeff は3未満に低下した。カーボン化後の高密度パルスにおける不純物レベルは、C:2.5%、O:1%、Cl:0.05%、金属:0.01% と低く、その結果 Zeff ≈ 2.6、重水素割合は約75%となった。

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