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3D edge transport analysis of ITER start-up configuration for limiter power load assessment

M. Kobayashi, Y. Feng, A. Loarte, G. Federici, G. Strohmayer, M. Shimada, F. Sardei, D. Reiter, M. Sugihara2007年被引用 41Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The edge transport properties of the toroidally discrete limiter configuration in the ITER start-up phase has been analysed, using the 3D edge transport code, EMC3-EIRENE. Because of the finite magnetic shear in the edge, the interaction of the limiters with flux surfaces of different q-values introduces a complex 3D pattern in the connection length (LC) profiles, where long and short flux tubes co-exist in the scrape-off layer. The severity of problems associated with very long flux tubes in the edge, which could bring a large amount of energy (proportional to the square root of LC) and cause a hot spot on the limiter, was mitigated and no significant localized power load was found. This can be justified as follows. (i) For long flux tubes, the perpendicular energy transport time becomes shorter than the parallel energy transport time, resulting in no net energy input to the flux tube. (ii) Perpendicular transport was found to be very effective to smear out the difference in the parallel energy flux conducted by the various flux tubes, if they interact within a perpendicular transport scale, about a few cm, which is usually the case in high plasma current ITER start-up configuration. These two effects significantly reduce the dependence of energy deposition on LC. At the high plasma current (e.g. 6.5 MA), the peak power load is found to be close to the engineering limit, especially for lowest perpendicular transport coefficients and the highest input power. Comparing the results of the 3D modelling with a radial exponential decay model, it was found that by neglecting the 3D geometrical effects, the simple model overestimates the peak power load by ∼30% for corresponding input power and radial decay of energy flux.

日本語訳

トロイダル方向に離散的なリミター配置におけるITER初期段階の端部輸送特性を、3次元端部輸送コードEMC3-EIRENEを用いて解析した。端部における有限の磁気シアのため、異なるq値を有する磁気面とリミターとの相互作用により、接続長(LC)分布に複雑な3次元パターンが導入され、スクレイプオフ層内に長い磁力管と短い磁力管が共存することになる。端部において非常に長い磁力管に伴う問題(LCの平方根に比例する多量のエネルギーがもたらされ、リミター上にホットスポットが生じる可能性がある)の深刻さは緩和され、顕著な局所電力負荷は見られなかった。これは以下のように説明できる。(i) 長い磁力管の場合、垂直輸送時間が平行輸送時間よりも短くなり、磁力管への正味のエネルギー入力が生じない。(ii) 垂直輸送は、様々な磁力管によって伝導される平行エネルギー束の差をならすのに非常に効果的であることが判明した。ただし、これは磁力管が垂直輸送スケール(約数cm)内で相互作用する場合に限られ、これは高プラズマ電流のITER初期段階配置においては通常のケースである。これらの2つの効果により、エネルギー堆積のLCへの依存性が大幅に低減される。高プラズマ電流(例:6.5 MA)では、ピーク電力負荷は工学的限界に近い値となるが、特に垂直輸送係数が最小で入力電力が最大の場合にその傾向が見られる。3次元モデリングの結果を動径方向指数減衰モデルと比較したところ、3次元幾何学的効果を無視した場合、単純モデルは対応する入力電力およびエネルギー束の動径方向減衰に対してピーク電力負荷を約30%過大評価することが判明した。

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