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To dee or not to dee: costs and benefits of altering the triangularity of a steady-state DEMO-like reactor

J.A. Schwartz, A.O. Nelson, E. Kolemen2022年被引用 2Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Shaping a tokamak plasma to have a negative triangularity may allow operation in an edge-localized mode-free L-mode regime and with a larger strike-point radius, ameliorating divertor power-handling requirements. However, the shaping has a potential drawback in the form of a lower no-wall ideal beta limit, found using the MHD codes chease and dcon. Using the new fusion systems code faroes, we construct a steady-state DEMO2 reactor model. This model is essentially zero-dimensional and neglects variations in physical mechanisms like turbulence, confinement, and radiative power limits, which could have a substantial impact on the conclusions deduced herein. Keeping its shape otherwise constant, we alter the triangularity and compute the effects on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). If the tokamak is limited to a fixed B field, then unless other means to increase performance (such as reduced turbulence, improved current drive efficiency or higher density operation) can be leveraged, a negative-triangularity reactor is strongly disfavored in the model due to lower βN limits at negative triangularity, which leads to tripling of the LCOE. However, if the reactor is constrained by divertor heat fluxes and not by magnet engineering, then a negative-triangularity reactor with higher B0 could be favorable: we find a class of solutions at negative triangularity with lower peak heat flux and lower LCOE than those of the equivalent positive triangularity reactors.

日本語訳

トカマクプラズマを負の三角形度に成形することは、周辺局在モードのないLモード運転とより大きなストライク点半径を可能にし、ダイバータの熱負荷処理要件を改善する可能性がある。しかし、この成形には、MHDコードであるCHEASEとDCODEを用いて見出された、より低い無壁ベータ限界という形での潜在的な欠点がある。新しい核融合システムコードであるFAROESを用いて、定常状態のDEMO2原子炉モデルを構築する。このモデルは本質的にゼロ次元であり、乱流、閉じ込め、放射損失限界などの物理メカニズムの変動を無視しているが、これらは本稿で導かれる結論に substantial な影響を与える可能性がある。その形状を他は一定に保ったまま三角形度を変化させ、均等化発電原価(LCOE)への影響を計算する。トカマクが固定されたB場に制約される場合、性能を向上させる他の手段(乱流の低減、電流駆動効率の向上、高密度運転など)を活用できない限り、負の三角形度の原子炉は、負の三角形度における低いβ_N限界により、モデル内で強く不利となり、LCOEが3倍になる。しかし、原子炉が磁石工学ではなくダイバータ熱流束によって制約される場合、より高いB_0を持つ負の三角形度の原子炉は有利となり得る:我々は、同等の正の三角形度の原子炉と比較して、より低いピーク熱流束とより低いLCOEを持つ負の三角形度の解のクラスを見出す。

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