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Theory of interaction between particles and waves with a non-equilibrium plasma

I.A. Akhiezer, Yu.L. Bolotin1963年被引用 5Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

It has been shown not long ago that in a non-equilibrium plasma that is near an unstable state, abnormally large, so-called "critical" fluctuations are possible. As is known, through fluctuation correlation operators one defines such plasma characteristics as the stopping power (energy losses of charged particles passing through a plasma) and also scattering coefficients of different types of oscillations and their transformation into oscillations of other types. Owing to the presence of oritioal fluctuations these plasma characteristics can be abnormally large if the plasma state approaches an unstable state.In the first section of this paper we investigate interaction between particles and a plasma consisting of cold ions and hot electrons that move with respect to the ions; in addition, we define the particle energy losses for the excitation of acoustic oscillations. If the projection of particle velocity is in the direction of electron motion, sound velocity and the directed electron velocity are near each other, and particle energy losses are abnormally large and can exceed energy losses due to twobody collisions. In the first section we also consider the question of interaction between a particle and shortwave (Langmuir ion) oscillations.In the second section we investigate interaction between a particle and a plasma through which a compensated beam of charged particles passes. Expressions have been deduced for the cross sections of a particle for scattering and for energy losses to the excitation of Langmuir oscillations. Energy losses of the particle are specially large if its velocity is near beam velocity in both value and direction.In the third and fourth sections of this paper we discuss transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves and scattering of longitudinal plasma waves with a directed electron motion. We investigate under what conditions the transformation and scattering coefficients that characterize increase of energy density of the secondary wave per unit time are abnormally large.

日本語訳

つい最近、不安定状態に近い非平衡プラズマにおいて、異常に大きな、いわゆる「臨界」揺らぎが可能であることが示された。知られているように、揺らぎの相関演算子を通じて、プラズマを通過する荷電粒子のエネルギー損失(阻止能)や、異なるタイプの振動の散乱係数、およびそれらの他のタイプの振動への変換係数といったプラズマ特性が定義される。臨界揺らぎの存在により、プラズマ状態が不安定状態に近づく場合、これらのプラズマ特性は異常に大きくなり得る。本論文の第1節では、冷たいイオンと、イオンに対して運動する熱い電子からなるプラズマと粒子との間の相互作用を調べる。さらに、音響振動の励起に対する粒子のエネルギー損失を定義する。粒子速度の射影が電子の運動方向にあり、音速と方向付けられた電子速度が互いに近い場合、粒子のエネルギー損失は異常に大きくなり、二体衝突によるエネルギー損失を超え得る。第1節ではまた、粒子と短波長(ラングミュアイオン)振動との間の相互作用の問題も考察する。第2節では、補償された荷電粒子ビームが通過するプラズマと粒子との間の相互作用を調べる。粒子の散乱断面積の式と、ラングミュア振動の励起に対するエネルギー損失の式が導出されている。粒子の速度がビーム速度に大きさと方向の両方において近い場合、粒子のエネルギー損失は特に大きい。本論文の第3節と第4節では、横波の縦波への変換と、方向付けられた電子運動を伴う縦プラズマ波の散乱について論じる。単位時間あたりの二次波のエネルギー密度の増加を特徴づける変換係数と散乱係数が、どのような条件下で異常に大きくなるかを調べる。

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