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Demonstrating electromagnetic control of free-surface, liquid-metal flows relevant to fusion reactors

M.G. Hvasta, E. Kolemen, A.E. Fisher, H. Ji2018年被引用 14Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Plasma-facing components (PFC's) made from solid materials may not be able to withstand the large heat and particle fluxes that will be produced within next-generation fusion reactors. To address the shortcomings of solid PFC's, a variety of liquid-metal (LM) PFC concepts have been proposed. Many of the suggested LM-PFC designs rely on electromagnetic restraint (Lorentz force) to keep free-surface, liquid-metal flows adhered to the interior surfaces of a fusion reactor. However, there is very little, if any, experimental data demonstrating that free-surface, LM-PFC's can actually be electromagnetically controlled. Therefore, in this study, electrical currents were injected into a free-surface liquid-metal that was flowing through a uniform magnetic field. The resultant Lorentz force generated within the liquid-metal affected the velocity and depth of the flow in a controllable manner that closely matched theoretical predictions. These results show the promise of electromagnetic control for LM-PFC's and suggest that electromagnetic control could be further developed to adjust liquid-metal nozzle output, prevent splashing within a tokamak, and alter heat transfer properties for a wide-range of liquid-metal systems.

日本語訳

固体材料から作られたプラズマ対向機器(PFC)は、次世代核融合炉内で生成されるであろう大きな熱流束および粒子流束に耐えられない可能性がある。固体PFCの欠点に対処するため、様々な液体金属(LM)PFC概念が提案されている。提案されたLM-PFC設計の多くは、電磁的拘束(ローレンツ力)に依存して、自由表面の液体金属流を核融合炉の内面に密着させて保持する。しかしながら、自由表面のLM-PFCが実際に電磁的に制御可能であることを実証する実験データは、ほとんど、あるいは全く存在しない。そこで本研究では、一様磁場中を流れる自由表面の液体金属に電流を注入した。液体金属内に生成された結果としてのローレンツ力は、流れの速度と深さに影響を及ぼし、理論的予測とよく一致する方法で制御可能であることが示された。これらの結果は、電磁的制御がLM-PFCに対して有望であることを示しており、電磁的制御をさらに発展させることで、液体金属ノズルの出力調整、トカマク内でのスプラッシュ防止、および広範囲の液体金属システムにおける熱伝達特性の変更が可能になることが示唆される。

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