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Effect of the magnetic field and current orientation on the splashing of liquid metal free surface of fusion reactor PFCs

Z.H. Wang, X. Jia, M.J. Ni2018年被引用 11Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

In future tokamak nuclear fusion devices, the development of suitable plasma facing materials is considered to be one of the great challenges. Liquid metal, instead of conventional solid materials, has been proposed as a potential solution to plasma facing components (PFCs) for future nuclear fusion reactors, and it can solve the problems that most fusion reactors are facing. The splashing of liquid metal into the fusion plasma is a big problem because of the implementation of liquid metal PFCs in fusion reactors. An experiment involving the splashing of liquid metal has been developed under a strong magnetic field and electric field to imitate the interaction between plasma electric current and PFCs of liquid metal in fusion reactors. The current direction is perpendicular or parallel to the magnetic field direction. The influences of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability are experimentally observed and quantitatively analyzed on the magneto-electricity-driven liquid metal free surface. Processes of liquid metal splashing in the rectangular chamber are recorded by a high-speed camera. When the Lorentz force is upward and the external magnetic field and liquid thickness are constant, the liquid metal splashing from the liquid metal free surface when the external current exceeds the critical value. Critical current presents as almost inverse proportional functions with the magnetic field variation for different liquid thicknesses. In the experiment, the instability is characterized by the dimensionless numbers Bond number, Bd, determined from the importance of gravitational forces compared to surface tension forces, and the Hartmann number, Ha, determined from the intensities of the imposed magnetic field. Multiple linear regression models of the critical current density are summarized which indicates that the magnetic field and current's influence determine the splashing critical point of liquid metal under the condition of multi-field coupling.

日本語訳

将来のトカマク型核融合装置において、適切なプラズマ対向材料の開発は大きな課題の一つと考えられている。従来の固体材料の代わりに液体金属が、将来の核融合炉におけるプラズマ対向コンポーネント(PFC)の潜在的な解決策として提案されており、多くの核融合炉が直面する問題を解決することができる。液体金属PFCの実装に伴い、液体金属が核融合プラズマ中へ飛散することは大きな問題である。強磁場および電場下での液体金属の飛散を伴う実験が、核融合炉におけるプラズマ電流と液体金属PFCとの相互作用を模擬するために開発された。電流方向は磁場方向に対して平行または垂直である。磁気流体力学駆動による液体金属自由表面のケルビン・ヘルムホルツ(KH)不安定性の影響が実験的に観察され、定量的に解析された。矩形チャンバー内での液体金属の飛散過程は高速度カメラにより記録された。ローレンツ力が上向きであり、外部磁場と液体の厚さが一定の場合、外部電流が臨界値を超えると液体金属自由表面からの飛散が発生する。臨界電流は、異なる液体厚さに対して磁場の変化とほぼ反比例の関数として現れる。実験において、不安定性は、重力と表面張力の相対的な重要性から決定される無次元数であるボンド数(Bd)と、印加磁場の強度から決定されるハートマン数(Ha)によって特徴づけられる。臨界電流密度の多重線形回帰モデルがまとめられ、多場連成条件下での液体金属の飛散臨界点に対する磁場と電流の影響が決定されることを示している。

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