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Modelling of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and splashing of melt layers from plasma-facing components in tokamaks under plasma impact

G.V. Miloshevsky, A. Hassanein2010年被引用 56Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Plasma-facing components (PFCs) in tokamaks are exposed to high-heat loads during abnormal events such as plasma disruptions and edge-localized modes. The most significant erosion and plasma contamination problem is macroscopic melt splashes and losses from metallic divertor plates and wall materials into core plasma. The classical linear stability analysis is used to assess the initial conditions for development and growth of surface waves at the plasma–liquid metal interface. The maximum velocity difference and critical wavelengths are predicted. The effects of plasma density, surface tension and magnetic field on the stability of plasma–liquid tungsten flows are analytically investigated. The numerical modelling predicts that macroscopic motion and melt-layer losses involve the onset of disturbances on the surface of the tungsten melt layer with relatively long wavelengths compared with the melt thickness, the formation of liquid tungsten ligaments at wave crests and their elongation by the plasma stream with splitting of the bulk of the melt, and the development of extremely long, thin threads that eventually break into liquid droplets. Ejection of these droplets in the form of fine spray can lead to significant plasma contamination and enhanced erosion of PFCs. The numerical results advance the current understanding of the physics involved in the mechanism of melt-layer breakdown and droplet generation processes. These findings may also have implications for free surface liquid metal flows considered as the first wall in the design of several types of future fusion reactors.

日本語訳

プラズマ対向機器(PFC)は、トカマクにおいてプラズマディスラプションやエッジ局在モードなどの異常事象中に高熱負荷に曝される。最も重大な侵食およびプラズマ汚染問題は、金属製ダイバータ板および壁材料からの巨視的溶融スプラッシュおよび損失がコアプラズマへと及ぶことである。古典的線形安定性解析を用いて、プラズマ・液体金属界面における表面波の発生と成長の初期条件を評価する。最大速度差および臨界波長が予測される。プラズマ密度、表面張力および磁場がプラズマ・液体タングステン流の安定性に及ぼす影響を解析的に調査する。数値モデリングは、巨視的運動および溶融層損失が、溶融層厚さと比較して比較的長い波長を有するタングステン溶融層表面の擾乱の発生、波頭における液体タングステンリガメントの形成とプラズマ流によるその伸長を伴う溶融層本体の分裂、および最終的に液滴へと分裂する極めて長く細い糸状体の発生を伴うことを予測する。微細スプレーの形態でのこれらの液滴の放出は、重大なプラズマ汚染およびPFCの侵食の増大をもたらし得る。数値結果は、溶融層破壊および液滴生成プロセスのメカニズムに関与する物理に関する現在の理解を前進させる。これらの知見は、数種類の将来の核融合炉の設計において第一壁として検討されている自由表面液体金属流にも関連性を有する可能性がある。

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Plasma-facing componentKelvin-Helmholtz instability
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