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Melt-layer motion and droplet ejection under divertor-relevant plasma conditions

G. De Temmerman, J. Daniels, K. Bystrov, M.A. van den Berg, J.J. Zielinski2013年被引用 34Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Accidental melting of metallic plasma-facing materials in future fusion devices poses serious issues regarding the material lifetime and power-handling capabilities as well as core plasma performances. The behaviour of aluminium (as a proxy for beryllium) and tungsten materials was investigated in the Pilot-PSI linear plasma device to study the melt-layer motion and droplet ejection under ITER-relevant plasma conditions. Heat fluxes of up to 50 MW m−2 raised the surface temperature to values up to 5000 K. The melt-layer rotation was found to depend on the magnetic field (up to 1.6 T) strength and target potential and is attributed to J × B forces caused by radial currents in the plasma. The amount of droplets ejected from the molten surface depends on the material—more droplets ejected from aluminium than from tungsten—and the heat flux to the target. The average droplet velocity was determined to be around 60 m s−1 for both materials with droplets being ejected mainly in the axial direction. Droplet ejection is only observed during helium discharges, no ejection can be observed with hydrogen plasmas despite similar heat fluxes. Bubble boiling appears to be the main mechanism contributing to the observed droplet ejection.

日本語訳

将来の核融合装置における金属製プラズマ対向材料の偶発的な溶融は、材料の寿命と熱処理能力、ならびにコアプラズマ性能に関して深刻な問題を引き起こす。アルミニウム(ベリリウムの代替として)およびタングステン材料の挙動をPilot-PSIリニアプラズマ装置において調査し、ITER関連条件下での溶融層の移動と液滴放出を研究した。最大50 MW m⁻²の熱流束により、表面温度は最大5000 Kまで上昇した。溶融層の回転は、磁場(最大1.6 T)の強度とターゲット電位に依存することが判明し、これはプラズマ中の半径方向電流によって引き起こされるJ×B力に起因する。溶融表面から放出される液滴の量は材料に依存し、アルミニウムの方がタングステンよりも多くの液滴が放出され、またターゲットへの熱流束にも依存する。平均液滴速度は両材料とも約60 m s⁻¹と測定され、液滴は主に軸方向に放出された。液滴放出はヘリウム放電中にのみ観察され、同様の熱流束にもかかわらず水素プラズマでは放出は観察されなかった。気泡沸騰が観察された液滴放出の主なメカニズムであると考えられる。

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