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Analysis of tungsten melt-layer motion and splashing under tokamak conditions at TEXTOR

J.W. Coenen, V. Philipps, S. Brezinsek, B. Bazylev, A. Kreter, T. Hirai, M. Laengner, T. Tanabe, Y. Ueda, U. Samm2011年被引用 68Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Behaviour and characteristics of W plasma-facing components under impinging high heat fluxes are investigated in view of the material choices for the divertor in future devices such as ITER and DEMO. Experiments have been carried out in the plasma edge of the TEXTOR tokamak to study melt-layer motion, macroscopic tungsten erosion from the melt layer as well as the changes in material properties such as grain size and abundance of voids or bubbles. The parallel heat flux at the radial position of the plasma-facing components (PFCs) in the plasma ranges around q|| ∼ 45 MW m−2 allowing samples to be exposed at an impact angle of 35° to 20–30 MW m−2. Melt-layer motion perpendicular to the magnetic field is observed following a Lorentz force originating from thermoelectric emission of the hot sample. Up to 3 g of molten W are redistributed forming mountain-like structures at the edge of the sample. The typical melt-layer thickness is 1–1.5 mm. Those hills are, due to the changes in the local geometry, particularly susceptible to even higher heat fluxes of up to the full q||. Locally the temperature can reach up to 6000 K, high levels of evaporation are causing significant erosion in the form of continuous fine-spray (∼1 × 1024 atoms m−2 s−1). Strong evaporation cooling is observed hindering the further heating of the samples. In addition, the formation of ligaments and splashes occurs several times during the melt phase ejecting droplets in the order of several 10 µm up to 100 µm probably caused by an instability evolving in the melt. In terms of material degradation several aspects are considered: formation of leading edges by redistributed melt, bubble formation and recrystallization. Bubbles are occurring in sizes between 1 and 200 µm while recrystallization increases the grain size up to 1.5 mm. The power-handling capabilities are thus severely degraded. Melting of tungsten (W) in future devices is highly unfavourable and needs to be avoided especially in light of uncontrolled transients and possible unshaped PFCs

日本語訳

将来のITERやDEMOなどの装置におけるダイバータの材料選択の観点から、高い熱流束が入射するタングステン対向プラズマ機器の挙動と特性を調査した。溶融層の移動、溶融層からの巨視的なタングステン侵食、ならびに結晶粒径やボイドまたはバブルの存在量などの材料特性の変化を研究するため、TEXTORトカマクのプラズマ端部で実験を実施した。プラズマ中の対向プラズマ機器(PFCs)の半径位置における平行熱流束はq|| ∼ 45 MW m−2程度であり、試料を35°の入射角で20〜30 MW m−2の熱流束に曝すことができる。高温試料の熱電子放出に起因するローレンツ力に従って、磁場に垂直な溶融層の移動が観察された。最大3 gの溶融Wが再分布し、試料の端部に山状の構造を形成する。典型的な溶融層の厚さは1〜1.5 mmである。これらの丘は、局所的な形状の変化により、最大で全q||に及ぶさらに高い熱流束に対して特に感受性が高い。局所的には温度が6000 Kに達することがあり、高いレベルの蒸発が連続的な微細噴霧(∼1 × 1024 atoms m−2 s−1)の形態で重大な侵食を引き起こしている。強い蒸発冷却が観察され、試料のさらなる加熱を妨げている。さらに、溶融相の間にリガメントとスプラッシュの形成が数回発生し、溶融中に発達する不安定性によって引き起こされると考えられる数10 µmから100 µm程度の液滴を放出する。材料劣化の観点では、再分布した溶融物によるリーディングエッジの形成、バブル形成、および再結晶化のいくつかの側面が考慮される。バブルは1〜200 µmのサイズで発生し、再結晶化は結晶粒径を最大1.5 mmまで増大させる。したがって、電力処理能力は著しく低下する。将来の装置におけるタングステン(W)の溶融は非常に好ましくなく、特に制御不能な過渡現象や成形されていない可能性のあるPFCsを考慮すると、回避する必要がある。

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textor高精度(タイトル一致)iter中精度(概要文一致)

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TungstenTEXTOR
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