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Stability and erosion of melt layers developed on plasma facing components of tokamaks

G. Miloshevsky, A. Hassanein2014年被引用 22Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Melting of metallic plasma facing components such as tungsten (W) divertor, macroscopic melt motion, and melt splashing due to edge localized modes and plasma disruptions is a major concern in fusion devices such as ITER. The viscous stability analysis and computational modelling of coupled W-melt-plasma flows are performed using the developed volume-of-fluid magnetohydrodynamic code. The effects of plasma velocity and magnetic field, whether parallel or perpendicular to the direction of W-melt flow, on melt motion and splashing from a melt pool are studied. The distributions of hydrodynamic and magnetic pressure as well as the vector fields of velocity and magnetic field are investigated. The development of waves with certain wavelengths on the W-melt surface and formation of W-melt blob on the pool's edge are observed in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field. For the investigated speeds of viscous plasma, the parallel magnetic field of 5 T does not suppress W-melt motion and splashing from the pool, plasma-induced surface waves, and ejection of molten droplets. However, the Lorentz force induced by a perpendicular magnetic field accelerates the splashing of W-melt from a melt pool but only when the stream of viscous plasma becomes well coupled to the melt motion. Under the plasma impact with high velocity of ∼5000 m s−1, the W-melt does not undergo a significant motion disintegrating quickly into droplets dragged away by the plasma wind, independent of the presence or absence of a magnetic field. This magnitude of plasma velocity is found to be in good agreement with that predicted by the viscous stability analysis.

日本語訳

金属タングステン(W)ダイバータなどの金属プラズマ対向機器の溶融、巨視的な溶融物の運動、ならびに周辺局在モードやプラズマディスラプションによる溶融物の飛散は、ITERなどの核融合装置における主要な懸念事項である。結合したW溶融物-プラズマ流の粘性安定性解析と数値計算モデリングを、開発したボリューム・オブ・フルイド電磁流体力学コードを用いて実施した。W溶融物の流れの方向に対して平行または垂直のいずれかのプラズマ速度と磁場が、メルトプールからの溶融物の運動と飛散に及ぼす影響を調べた。流体力学的圧力と磁気圧の分布、ならびに速度と磁場のベクトル場を調査した。W溶融物表面における特定の波長を有する波の発生と、プール縁部でのW溶融物塊の形成が、外部磁場の非存在下および存在下の両方で観察された。調査した粘性プラズマ速度において、5 Tの平行磁場は、W溶融物の運動とプールからの飛散、プラズマ誘起表面波、および溶融液滴の放出を抑制しなかった。しかしながら、垂直磁場によって誘起されるローレンツ力は、粘性プラズマの流れが溶融物の運動と十分に結合した場合にのみ、メルトプールからのW溶融物の飛散を促進した。約5000 m s−1の高速のプラズマ衝撃下では、W溶融物は大きな運動を受けず、磁場の有無にかかわらず、プラズマ風によって運び去られる液滴へと急速に分裂した。このプラズマ速度の大きさは、粘性安定性解析によって予測されたものと良く一致することが見出された。

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