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Melt-layer ejection and material changes of three different tungsten materials under high heat-flux conditions in the tokamak edge plasma of TEXTOR

J.W. Coenen, V. Philipps, S. Brezinsek, G. Pintsuk, I. Uytdenhouwen, M. Wirtz, A. Kreter, K. Sugiyama, H. Kurishita, Y. Torikai2011年被引用 29Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The behaviour of tungsten (W) plasma-facing components (PFCs) has been investigated in the plasma edge of the TEXTOR tokamak to study melt-layer ejection, macroscopic tungsten erosion from the melt layer as well as the changes of material properties such as grain-size and abundance of voids or bubbles. The parallel heat flux at the radial position of the exposed tungsten tile in the plasma ranges around q|| ∼ 45 MW m−2 causing samples to be exposed at an impact angle of 35° to 20–30 MW m−2. Locally the temperature reached up to 6000 K, high levels of evaporation and boiling are causing significant erosion in the form of continuous fine spray or droplet ejection. The amount of fine-spray tungsten emission depends strongly on the material properties: in the case of the tungsten–tantalum alloy the effect of spraying and droplet emission is significantly higher at even low temperatures when compared with regular tungsten or even ultra-high purity tungsten which shows almost no spraying at all. Differences in the material composition, grain structure and size may be related to the different evolution of macroscopic erosion. In addition the re-solidified material is studied and strong differences in terms of re-crystallized grain size and evolution of the grain structure and grain orientation are observed. The build up of large voids has been observed.

日本語訳

タングステン(W)製プラズマ対向機器(PFC)の挙動が、TEXTORトカマクのプラズマ周辺部において、溶融層の放出、溶融層からの巨視的タングステン侵食、ならびに結晶粒径やボイド・気泡の存在量などの材料特性の変化を研究するために調査された。曝露されたタングステンタイルの半径方向位置における平行熱流束は、q|| ∼ 45 MW m−2 の範囲であり、試料は入射角35°で20〜30 MW m−2 の熱流束に曝露された。局所的には温度は6000 Kに達し、高いレベルの蒸発と沸騰が、連続的な微細スプレーまたは液滴放出の形態で顕著な侵食を引き起こしている。微細スプレータングステン放出量は材料特性に強く依存する:タングステン‐タンタル合金の場合、通常のタングステンや、ほとんどスプレーを示さない超高純度タングステンと比較して、低温であってもスプレーおよび液滴放出の効果が有意に高い。材料組成、結晶粒構造、および粒径の違いが、巨視的侵食の進行の差異に関連している可能性がある。さらに、再凝固した材料が調査され、再結晶粒径ならびに結晶粒構造と結晶粒配向の進展に関して顕著な差異が観察された。大きなボイドの形成が観察された。

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TungstenEdge plasmaTEXTOR
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