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Surface instability of static liquid metal in magnetized fusion plasma

N. Somboonkittichai, G.Z. Zuo2023年Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Understanding surface instability in magnetized fusion plasma supports the appropriate implementation and handling of liquid metal as plasma facing components (PFCs) in future fusion reactors. A Lagrange equation describing a viscous liquid surface deformation in a magnetized plasma is derived using Rayleigh's method. Its solution justifies the general instability criterion and helps in characterizing the key interactions driving such instability under fusion conditions. Surface tension and gravity, especially with the poloidal angles of the lower part of a plasma chamber, mainly stabilize the liquid surface at small and large disturbance wavelengths, respectively. The sheath electric field and the external tangential magnetic field cause the liquid surface to disintegrate at an intermediate wavelength. Practically, a magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) device requires a strong magnetic field for confinement. The study suggests that such a strong field dominates the rest and governs instability. In addition, this implies that the configuration of a static planar free liquid surface is difficult to adopt as a candidate for handling the liquid metal as PFCs in next step MCF devices.

日本語訳

磁化された核融合プラズマにおける表面不安定性を理解することは、将来の核融合炉において液体金属をプラズマ対向機器(PFCs)として適切に実装し取り扱うことを支援する。レイリー法を用いて、磁化プラズマ中の粘性液体の表面変形を記述するラグランジュ方程式が導出される。その解は、一般的不安定性基準を正当化し、核融合条件下でそのような不安定性を駆動する主要な相互作用を特徴づけるのに役立つ。表面張力と重力は、特にプラズマ容器下部のポロイダル角において、それぞれ小さな擾乱波長および大きな擾乱波長で液体表面を主に安定化する。シース電界と外部接線磁場は、中間波長で液体表面を崩壊させる。実際には、磁場閉じ込め核融合(MCF)装置は閉じ込めのために強磁場を必要とする。本研究は、そのような強磁場が他の効果よりも優勢であり、不安定性を支配することを示唆する。さらに、このことは、次段階のMCF装置において液体金属をPFCsとして取り扱うための候補として、静的で平面状の自由液体表面の構成を採用することは困難であることを意味する。

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