The mean parallel current density evolution equation is presented using the electromagnetic (EM) gyrokinetic equation. There are two types of intrinsic current driving mechanisms resulting from EM electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence. The first type is the divergence of residual turbulent flux including a residual stress-like term and a kinetic stress-like term. The second type is a residual turbulent source, which is driven by the correlation between density and parallel electric field fluctuations. The intrinsic current density driven by the residual turbulent source is negligible as compared to that driven by the residual turbulent flux. The ratio of intrinsic current density driven by EM ETG turbulence to the background bootstrap (BS) current density is estimated. The local intrinsic current density driven by the residual turbulent flux for mesoscale variation of turbulent flux can reach about 80% of the BS current density in the core region of an ITER standard scenario, but there is no net intrinsic current on a global scale. Based on this, the local intrinsic current driven by EM micro-turbulence and its effects on local modification of the profile of the safety factor may need to be carefully taken into account in future devices with high , which is the ratio between electron pressure to magnetic pressure.
How is turbulence intensity determined by macroscopic variables in a toroidal plasma?