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Absolute parametric decay instabilities of X2 microwave beams in reduced models and fully kinetic codes

M G Senstius, E Z Gusakov, A Yu Popov, S K Nielsen2022年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Nonlinear wave interactions known as parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) have been known to occur in fusion plasmas for many years. In the past, they have generally been considered of little importance in the context of high power microwave beams aimed for X2 heating due to high thresholds. Experimental evidence suggests that non-monotonic density structures, such as islands and ELMs, can lead to low thresholds absolute PDIs. The consequences include degraded electron cyclotron resonance heating performance, absorption into unintended modes and the production of strong scattering, which may damage microwave sensitive equipment. We present a reduced analytical 1D model for absolute PDI of an X-mode microwave beam into a cascade of electrostatic eigenmodes of a non-monotonic density structure. The model is solved numerically and compared with fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations which are computationally much more expensive. The primary decay, which initiates cascade, shows good agreement with the PIC simulations in terms of daughter frequencies, growth rates and saturation, in particular in a weakly nonlinear pump intensity regime. The secondary daughter waves of the reduced model, while visible, do not appear to be the dominant processes in the PIC simulations.

日本語訳

非線形波動相互作用として知られるパラメトリック崩壊不安定性(PDI)は、長年にわたり核融合プラズマにおいて発生することが知られている。過去には、Xモード加熱を目的とした高パワーマイクロ波ビームの文脈において、PDIは高い閾値のために重要性が低いと一般に考えられてきた。実験的証拠は、アイランドやELMなどの非単調な密度構造が、低い閾値での絶対PDIをもたらす可能性があることを示唆している。その結果として、電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱性能の低下、意図しないモードへの吸収、およびマイクロ波感受性機器に損傷を与え得る強い散乱の発生が含まれる。我々は、非単調な密度構造の静電固有モードのカスケードへのXモードマイクロ波ビームの絶対PDIに対する簡約化された1次元解析モデルを提示する。このモデルは数値的に解かれ、計算コストがはるかに高い完全粒子セル(PIC)シミュレーションと比較される。カスケードを開始する一次崩壊は、娘波周波数、成長率、および飽和の観点において、特に弱非線形ポンプ強度領域でPICシミュレーションと良好な一致を示す。簡約化モデルの二次娘波は、PICシミュレーションにおいて可視的ではあるものの、支配的な過程ではないように見える。

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