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Parametric decay instabilities near the second-harmonic upper hybrid resonance in fusion plasmas

S.K. Hansen, S.K. Nielsen, J. Stober, J. Rasmussen, M. Stejner, M. Hoelzl, T. Jensen, the ASDEX Upgrade team2020年被引用 29Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) lead to the generation of strong frequency-shifted radiation when powerful X-mode polarized microwaves, injected for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of fusion plasmas, cross a region of non-monotonic electron density near the second-harmonic upper hybrid resonance (UHR). For the standard second-harmonic X-mode ECRH scenarios used at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, the second-harmonic UHR occurs near the plasma edge, meaning that PDIs occur in connection with phenomena leading to non-monotonic edge electron density profiles, e.g. blobs, edge-localized modes (ELMs), and inter-ELM modes. We present the first study of strong signals near half the ECRH frequency in fusion-relevant plasmas and demonstrate their PDI-like features, such as an ECRH power threshold required for their occurrence, through analog modulations of the ECRH power. The signals near half the ECRH frequency are found to be far more prevalent than expected based on previous theories, and we hence present a qualitative explanation of their origin, in terms of cross-polarized microwaves generated through non-linear interactions of the waves involved in the PDIs, which captures the basic features of the experimental observations. We additionally present examples of the PDI-related microwave signals just below the ECRH frequency which indicate the location of the microwave source. Furthermore, based on a non-linear magnetohydrodynamics simulation of an ELM crash in ASDEX Upgrade, performed using the JOREK code, the duration of the PDI-like microwave spikes observed in connection with ELMs is shown to match the transit time of an ELM filament though an ECRH beam. Finally, the PDI power threshold expected theoretically, calculated using the electron density and temperature profiles from the JOREK simulation, is shown to match the experimentally observed values.

日本語訳

パラメトリック崩壊不安定性(PDI)は、核融合プラズマの電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱(ECRH)のために注入された強力なXモード偏波マイクロ波が、第二高調波上部混成共鳴(UHR)付近の非単調な電子密度領域を横切る際に、強い周波数シフトした放射の生成をもたらす。ASDEX Upgradeトカマクで用いられる標準的な第二高調波XモードECRHシナリオでは、第二高調波UHRはプラズマ端部付近に位置するため、PDIは非単調な端部電子密度分布をもたらす現象、例えばブロブ、周辺局在モード(ELM)、およびELM間の擾乱と関連して発生する。我々は、核融合関連プラズマにおけるECRH周波数の約半分の周波数で、強い信号を初めて観測したことを提示する。これらの信号はPDIに特徴的な特性を示し、その発生にはECRHパワー閾値が存在することを実証する。ECRH周波数の約半分で観測された信号は、従来の理論的予測よりもはるかに高い頻度で発生していることが判明した。我々は、関与する波の非線形結合に基づく定性的説明を提示する。さらに、ECRH周波数直下で観測されたPDI関連マイクロ波信号の例を示し、これらがマイクロ波源の位置を示すことを実証する。さらに、JOREKコードを用いたASDEX UpgradeにおけるELMクラッシュの非線形磁気流体力学(MHD)シミュレーションに基づき、ELMに関連して観測されたPDI様マイクロ波スパイクの持続時間が、ELMフィラメントがECRHビームを横切る通過時間と一致することを示す。最後に、JOREKシミュレーションから得られた電子密度および温度分布を用いて理論的に計算されたPDIパワー閾値が、実験的に観測された値と一致することを示す。

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