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Laboratory experiment on region-1 field-aligned current and its origin in the low-latitude boundary layer

I F Shaikhislamov, Yu P Zakharov, V G Posukh, E L Boyarintsev, A V Melekhov, V M Antonov, A G Ponomarenko2011年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

In previous experiments by the authors on a magnetic dipole interacting with a laser-produced plasma the generation of an intense field-aligned current (FAC) system on terrella poles was observed. In this paper the question of the origin of these currents in a low-latitude boundary layer of magnetosphere is investigated. Experimental evidence of such a link was obtained by measurements of the magnetic field generated by tangential drag and sheared stress. This specific azimuthal field was found to have quadruple symmetry and local maxima inside the magnetosphere adjacent to the boundary layer. Cases of metallic and dielectric dipole covers modeling good conductive and non-conductive ionosphere revealed that the presence or absence of FACs results in different amplitudes and spatial structures of the sheared field. The current associated with the azimuthal field flows upward at the dawnside, and toward the equator plane at the duskside. It was found to coincide by direction and to correspond by amplitude to a total cross-polar current measured independently. The results suggest that compressional and Alfvén waves are responsible for FAC generation. The study is most relevant to FAC generation in the magnetospheres of Earth and Mercury following pressure jumps in solar wind.

日本語訳

これまでの著者らの実験において、レーザー生成プラズマと相互作用する磁気双極子を用いた研究で、テレラの極部における強い磁力線平行電流(FAC)系の生成が観測された。本論文では、磁気圏の低緯度境界層におけるこれらの電流の起源について調査する。このような関連性の実験的証拠は、接線方向の応力とせん断応力によって生成される磁場の測定により得られた。この特定の方位角方向磁場は、四重対称性を持ち、境界層に隣接する磁気圏内部で極大値を示すことが明らかになった。良導体および非導体の電離圏を模擬する金属製および誘電体製の双極子カバーの場合において、FACの有無によりせん断磁場の振幅と空間構造が異なることが示された。方位角方向磁場に伴う電流は、明け方側では上向きに流れ、夕方側では赤道方向に向かって流れる。この電流は、独立に測定された極冠を横切る全電流と方向が一致し、振幅も対応することが判明した。これらの結果は、圧縮性波動およびアルフヴェン波がFACの生成に関与していることを示唆している。本研究は、太陽風の圧力ジャンプに続く地球および水星の磁気圏におけるFAC生成に最も関連するものである。

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