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Equation of state of classical systems of charged particles

S.G. Brush, H.E. De Witt, J.G. Trulio1963年被引用 13Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Recent developments in the classical theory of fully ionized gases and strong electrolyte solutions are reviewed and used to discuss the equation of state at high temperatures and low densities. The pressure is calculated with the ring-integral approximation, and quantitative estimates of higher correction terms are given. The effect of short-range repulsive forces is shown by comparing the results with two kinds of potential functions: hard spheres of diameter a, and "soft" spheres for which the short-range potential cancels the Coulomb potential at the origin and decreases exponentially with distance. It is found that the use of either type of potential extends the range of validity of the ring-integral approximation to considerably greater densities and lower temperatures. Since there is little difference in the results for the hard spheres and the soft spheres in this range, and since the soft-sphere system is more easily handled by analytical methods, it is investigated more extensively. The expressions derived for the free energy of a system of charged particles can also be used in ionization equilibrium calculations, and the effect of electrostatic interactions on the equilibrium concentrations of various kinds of ions is indicated.

日本語訳

完全電離気体および強電解質溶液の古典論における最近の発展を概説し、それを用いて高温・低密度における状態方程式を考察する。圧力は環積分近似によって計算され、より高次の補正項の定量的評価が与えられる。短距離斥力の効果は、直径aの剛体球と、原点でクーロンポテンシャルを打ち消し距離とともに指数関数的に減少する「軟球」という2種類のポテンシャル関数を用いた結果を比較することによって示される。いずれのタイプのポテンシャルを用いても、環積分近似の適用範囲がかなり高い密度および低い温度まで拡張されることが見出される。この範囲では剛体球と軟球の結果にほとんど差がなく、また軟球系の方が解析的手法により容易に扱えるため、軟球系についてより広範な調査が行われる。荷電粒子系の自由エネルギーに対して導出された式は電離平衡の計算にも用いることができ、種々のイオンの平衡濃度に対する静電相互作用の影響が示される。

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