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Mitigation of plasma–wall interactions with low-Z powders in DIII-D high confinement plasmas

F. Effenberg, A. Bortolon, L. Casali, R. Nazikian, I. Bykov, F. Scotti, H.Q. Wang, M.E. Fenstermacher, R. Lunsford, A. Nagy2022年被引用 5Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Experiments with low-Z powder injection in DIII-D high confinement discharges demonstrated increased divertor dissipation and detachment while maintaining good core energy confinement. Lithium (Li), boron (B), and boron nitride (BN) powders were injected in H-mode plasmas (Ip = 1 MA, Bt = 2 T, PNB = 6 MW, ⟨ne⟩ = 3.6–5.0 ⋅ 1019 m−3) into the upper small-angle slot divertor for 2 s intervals at constant rates of 3–204 mg s−1. The multi-species BN powders at a rate of 54 mg s−1 showed the most substantial increase in divertor neutral compression by more than an order of magnitude and lasting detachment with minor degradation of the stored magnetic energy Wmhd by 5%. Rates of 204 mg s−1 of boron nitride powder further reduce edge localized mode-fluxes on the divertor but also cause a drop in confinement performance by 24% due to the onset of an n = 2 tearing mode. The application of powders also showed a substantial improvement of wall conditions manifesting in reduced wall fueling source and intrinsic carbon and oxygen content in response to the cumulative injection of non-recycling materials. The results suggest that low-Z powder injection, including mixed element compounds, is a promising new core-edge compatible technique that simultaneously enables divertor detachment and improves wall conditions during high confinement operation.

日本語訳

DIII-D高閉じ込め放電における低Z粉末注入の実験では、ダイバータの散逸とデタッチメントが増大しつつも、コアのエネルギー閉じ込めが良好に維持されることが実証された。リチウム(Li)、ホウ素(B)、および窒化ホウ素(BN)粉末をHモードプラズマ(Ip = 1 MA、Bt = 2 T、PNB = 6 MW、⟨ne⟩ = 3.6–5.0 × 10^19 m^-3)に、上部小角度スロットダイバータへ2秒間、3–204 mg s^-1の一定速度で注入した。多種粉末であるBNを54 mg s^-1の速度で注入した場合、ダイバータ中性粒子圧縮が1桁以上増大し、磁気エネルギーWmhdの5%というわずかな低下を伴う持続的なデタッチメントが最も顕著に示された。204 mg s^-1の速度でのBN粉末注入は、ダイバータへのELMフラックスをさらに低減したが、n = 2テアリングモードの発生により閉じ込め性能が24%低下した。また、粉末注入により壁状態が大幅に改善され、非再循環性材料の累積注入に応じて壁燃料供給源ならびに固有の炭素および酸素含有量が低減することが示された。これらの結果は、低Z粉末注入が、非再循環性材料の混合化合物を含め、高閉じ込め運転中にダイバータ・デタッチメントを同時に実現しつつ壁状態を改善する、有望な新規のコア・エッジ両立技術であることを示唆している。

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