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Integrated operation of steady-state long-pulse H-mode in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak

X. Gong, A.M. Garofalo, J. Huang, J. Qian, C.T. Holcomb, A. Ekedah, R. Maingi, E. Li, L. Zeng, B. Zhang2019年被引用 71Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Recent Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) experiments have successfully demonstrated a long-pulse steady-state scenario with improved plasma performance through integrated operation since the last IAEA FEC in 2016. A discharge with a duration over 100 s using pure radio frequency (RF) power heating and current drive has been obtained with the required characteristics for future long-pulse tokamak reactors such as good energy confinement quality (H98y2 ~ 1.1) with electron internal transport barrier inside ρ  <  0.4, small ELMs (frequency ~100–200 Hz), and good control of impurity and heat exhaust with the tungsten divertor. The optimization of X-point, plasma shape, the outer gap and local gas puffing near the low hybrid wave (LHW) antenna were integrated with global parameters of BT and line-averaged electron density for higher current drive efficiency of LHW and on-axis deposition of electron cyclotron heating in the long-pulse operation. More recently, a high βP RF-only discharge (βP ~ 1.9 and βN ~ 1.5, /nGW ~ 0.80, f bs ~ 45% at q95 ~ 6.8) was successfully maintained over 24 s with improved hardware capabilities, demonstrating performance levels needed for the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor steady-state operation. A higher energy confinement is observed at higher βP and with favorable toroidal field direction. Towards the next goal (⩾400 s long-pulse H-mode operations with ~50% bootstrap current fraction) on EAST, an integrated control of the current density profile, pressure profile and radiated divertor will be addressed in the near future.

日本語訳

近年の実験先進超伝導トカマク(EAST)実験では、2016年の前回IAEA FEC以降の統合運転を通じて、改善されたプラズマ性能を伴う長時間パルス定常状態シナリオが実証に成功した。純粋な高周波(RF)電力加熱と電流駆動を用いた100 sを超える持続時間の放電が、将来の長時間パルストカマク炉に必要な特性、例えばρ < 0.4 の内側の電子内部輸送障壁を伴う良好なエネルギー閉じ込め品質(H98y2 ~ 1.1)、小型ELM(周波数 ~100–200 Hz)、およびタングステンダイバータによる不純物と熱排気の良好な制御を備えて得られた。X点、プラズマ形状、外側ギャップ、および低混成波(LHW)アンテナ近傍の局所ガス入射の最適化は、長時間パルス運転におけるLHWのより高い電流駆動効率と電子サイクロトロン加熱の軸上堆積のために、BTおよび線平均電子密度の全体パラメータと統合された。より最近では、改善されたハードウェア能力により、高βP RFのみの放電(βP ~ 1.9、βN ~ 1.5、/nGW ~ 0.80、q95 ~ 6.8 で f bs ~ 45%)が24 s以上にわたって維持され、中国核融合工学試験炉の定常運転に必要な性能レベルを実証した。より高いβPおよび好ましいトロイダル磁場方向では、より高いエネルギー閉じ込めが観測される。EASTにおける次の目標(~50%のブートストラップ電流割合での⩾400 sの長時間パルスHモード運転)に向けて、電流密度分布、圧力分布、および放射ダイバータの統合制御が近い将来に取り組まれる予定である。

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