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Advances in H-mode physics for long-pulse operation on EAST

Baonian Wan, Jiangang Li, Houyang Guo, Yunfeng Liang, Guosheng Xu, Liang Wang, Xianzu Gong, Andrea Garofalo for the EAST Team and Collaborators2015年被引用 125Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Since the 2012 International Atomic Energy Agency Fusion Energy Conference (IAEA-FEC), significant advances in both physics and technology has been made on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tomakak (EAST) toward a long-pulse stable high-confinement (H-mode) plasma regime. The experimental capabilities of EAST have been technically upgraded with the power enhancement (source power up to 26 MW) of the continuous-wave heating and current drive system, replacement of the upper graphite divertor with an ITER-like W monoblock divertor, and installation of a new internal cryopump in the upper divertor and a set of 16 in-vessel resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) coils. This new upgrade enables EAST to be a unique operating device capable of investigating ITER-relevant long-pulse high-performance operations with dominant electron heating and low torque input within the next 5 years. Remarkable physics progress in controlling transient and steady-state divertor heat fluxes has been achieved on EAST, e.g. (i) edge-localized mode (ELM) mitigation/suppression with a number of attractive methods including lower hybrid wave (LHW), supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI), RMPs, and real-time Li aerosol injection; and (ii) active control of steady-state power distribution by the synergy of LHW and SMBI. In the 2014 experimental campaign, a long-pulse high-performance H-mode plasma with H98 ∼ 1.2 has been obtained with a duration over 28 s (∼200 times the energy confinement time). In addition, several new experimental advances have been achieved in the last EAST campaign, including: (i) high-performance H-mode with βN ∼ 2 and stored plasma energy ∼220 kJ; (ii) H-mode plasma sustained by neutral beam injection (NBI) alone or modulated NBI with lower hybrid current drive (LHCD), for the first time in EAST; (iii) high current drive efficiency and nearly full noninductive plasmas maintained by the new 4.6 GHz LHCD system; (iv) demonstration of a quasi-snowflake divertor configuration; and (v) observation of a new edge-coherent mode and its effects on edge transport in H-mode plasmas.

日本語訳

2012年国際原子力機関核融合エネルギー会議(IAEA-FEC)以降、EAST(実験先進超伝導トカマク)において、長パルス高閉じ込め(Hモード)プラズマ状態に向けた物理学と技術の両面で顕著な進展が達成された。EASTの実験能力は、連続波加熱・電流駆動システムの出力向上(源出力最大26 MW)、上部グラファイトダイバータからITER型Wモノブロックダイバータへの交換、上部に新型内部クライオポンプと16個の真空容器内共鳴磁場摂動(RMP)コイルの設置によって技術的に強化された。この新たなアップグレードにより、EASTは今後5年以内に、電子加熱主体かつ低トルク入力条件下でのITER関連の長パルス高性能運転を研究できる独自の装置となった。EASTでは、過渡的および定常的なダイバータ熱流束の制御において顕著な物理的進展が達成された。例えば、(i) 低混成波(LHW)、超音速分子ビーム入射(SMBI)、RMP、リアルタイムLiエアロゾル入射を含む複数の魅力的な手法による周辺局在化モード(ELM)の緩和・抑制、および (ii) LHWとSMBIの相乗効果による定常的な電力分布の能動制御である。2014年の実験キャンペーンでは、H98≒1.2、持続時間28秒超(エネルギー閉じ込め時間の約200倍)の長パルス高性能Hモードプラズマが達成された。さらに、直近のEASTキャンペーンでは、以下のようないくつかの新しい実験的進展が達成された:(i) βN≒2、蓄積プラズマエネルギー≒220 kJの高性能Hモード、(ii) 中性粒子ビーム入射(NBI)単独、または変調NBIと低混成波電流駆動(LHCD)の組み合わせによるHモードプラズマの維持(EASTで初めて達成)、(iii) 新型4.6 GHz LHCDシステムによる高電流駆動効率とほぼ完全な非誘導プラズマの維持、(iv) 準スノーフレークダイバータ配位の実証、および (v) Hモードプラズマにおける新規エッジコヒーレントモードとその輸送への影響の観測である。

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