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First plasma exposure of a pre-damaged ITER-like plasma-facing unit in the WEST tokamak: procedure for the PFU preparation and lessons learned

Marianne Richou, Yann Corre, Thorsten Loewenhoff, Mathilde Diez, Céline Martin, Anke Aretz, Jann Willem Coenen, Mehdi Firdaouss, Gregory Giacometti, Alex Grosjean2022年被引用 5Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The evaluation of the impact of plasma-facing components damage on subsequent plasma operation is an important issue for ITER. During the first phase of the operation of WEST, a few ITER-like divertor plasma-facing units (PFUs) have been installed on the lower divertor. One PFU was pre-damaged under electron beam gun thermal loading, before its installation in WEST, and the subsequent evolution of the damage was studied after the WEST plasma exposure. This paper presents the procedure followed to get the pre-damaged PFU. It consists of the characterization of the response of tungsten samples representative of WEST PFU under high heat flux (HHF) loading, the selection of damage (namely, small cracks, crack network, crack network, and W melt droplets). Finally, according to the WEST plasma loading conditions, the blocks with damage within the PFU and the position of the pre-damaged PFU on the WEST lower divertor are attributed. The first results obtained after an initial plasma exposure in WEST lead to the assessment, as expected with regard to the heat loading conditions, that no major surface aspect modification was found. This result emphasized the possibility of implementing as pre-damaged small droplets of melted tungsten in a high heat-loaded zone for a future WEST experimental campaign.

日本語訳

プラズマ対向機器の損傷がその後のプラズマ運転に及ぼす影響の評価は、ITERにとって重要な課題である。WESTの運転第一期において、いくつかのITER類似ダイバータ・プラズマ対向ユニット(PFU)が下部ダイバータに設置された。1基のPFUは、WESTへの設置前に電子ビームガンによる熱負荷を受けて予備損傷が付与され、その後の損傷の進展がWESTプラズマ曝露後に調査された。本論文は、予備損傷PFUを得るために採用された手順を提示するものである。この手順は、WEST PFUを代表するタングステン試料の高熱流束(HHF)負荷下での応答の特性評価、損傷の選定(すなわち、微小亀裂、亀裂網、亀裂網、およびW溶融液滴)から構成される。最後に、WESTのプラズマ負荷条件に従って、PFU内の損傷を有するブロックと、WEST下部ダイバータ上の予備損傷PFUの位置が割り当てられる。WESTにおける初期プラズマ曝露後に得られた最初の結果は、熱負荷条件に関して予想されたとおり、主要な表面状態の変化は見られないという評価につながった。この結果は、将来のWEST実験キャンペーンに向けて、高熱負荷領域に溶融タングステンの微小液滴を予備損傷として実装する可能性を強調するものである。

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