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Surface damage and structure evolution of recrystallized tungsten exposed to ELM-like transient loads

Y. Yuan, J. Du, M. Wirtz, G.-N. Luo, G.-H. Lu, W. Liu2016年被引用 36Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Surface damage and structure evolution of the full tungsten ITER divertor under transient heat loads is a key concern for component lifetime and plasma operations. Recrystallization caused by transients and steady-state heat loads can lead to degradation of the material properties and is therefore one of the most serious issues for tungsten armor. In order to investigate the thermal response of the recrystallized tungsten under edge localized mode-like transient thermal loads, fully recrystallized tungsten samples with different average grain sizes are exposed to cyclic thermal shocks in the electron beam facility JUDITH 1. The results indicate that not only does the microstructure change due to recrystallization, but that the surface residual stress induced by mechanical polishing strongly influences the surface cracking behavior. The stress-free surface prepared by electro-polishing is shown to be more resistant to cracking than the mechanically polished one. The resulting surface roughness depends largely on the loading conditions instead of the recrystallized-grain size. As the base temperature increases from room temperature to 400 °C, surface roughening mainly due to the shear bands in each grain becomes more pronounced, and sub-grains (up to 3 μm) are simultaneously formed in the sub-surface. The directions of the shear bands exhibit strong grain-orientation dependence, and they are generally aligned with the traces of {1 1 2} twin habit planes. The results suggest that twinning deformation and dynamic recrystallization represent the predominant mechanism for surface roughening and related microstructure evolution.

日本語訳

全タングステンITERダイバータにおける過渡熱負荷下での表面損傷と組織変化は、部品寿命とプラズマ運転にとって重要な課題である。過渡熱負荷と定常熱負荷によって引き起こされる再結晶は、材料特性の劣化につながる可能性があり、したがってタングステン装甲にとって最も深刻な問題の一つである。エッジ局在モード様の過渡熱負荷下における再結晶タングステンの熱応答を調査するために、平均結晶粒径が異なる完全再結晶タングステン試料を、電子ビーム施設JUDITH 1において繰返し熱衝撃に曝露した。結果は、再結晶による微細組織の変化だけでなく、機械研磨によって導入された表面残留応力が表面き裂挙動に強く影響することを示している。電解研磨によって作製された応力のない表面は、機械研磨された表面よりもき裂に対して高い抵抗性を示すことが明らかになった。結果として生じる表面粗さは、再結晶粒径よりもむしろ負荷条件に大きく依存する。室温から400 °Cまでベース温度が上昇すると、各結晶粒内のせん断帯に主に起因する表面粗造化がより顕著になり、同時にサブ結晶粒(最大3 μm)が表面直下に形成される。せん断帯の方向は強い結晶方位依存性を示し、一般に{1 1 2}双晶面のトレースと一致する。これらの結果は、双晶変形と動的再結晶が表面粗造化と関連する微細組織発展の主要なメカニズムであることを示唆している。

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