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Measurements of runaway electron synchrotron spectra at high magnetic fields in Alcator C-Mod

R.A. Tinguely, R.S. Granetz, M. Hoppe, O. Embréus2018年被引用 11Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

In the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, runaway electron (RE) experiments have been performed during low density, flattop plasma discharges at three magnetic fields: 2.7, 5.4, and 7.8 T, the last being the highest field to-date at which REs have been generated and measured in a tokamak. Time-evolving synchrotron radiation spectra were measured in the visible wavelength range (–1000 nm) by two absolutely-calibrated spectrometers viewing co- and counter-plasma current directions. In this paper, a test particle model is implemented to predict momentum-space and density evolutions of REs on the magnetic axis and q  =  1, 3/2, and 2 surfaces. Drift orbits and subsequent loss of confinement are also incorporated into the evolution. These spatiotemporal results are input into the new synthetic diagnostic SOFT (Hoppe et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion58 026032) which reproduces experimentally-measured spectra. For these discharges, it is inferred that synchrotron radiation dominates collisional friction as a power loss mechanism and that RE energies decrease as magnetic field is increased. Additionally, the threshold electric field for RE generation, as determined by hard x-ray and photo-neutron measurements, is compared to current theoretical predictions.

日本語訳

Alcator C-Modトカマクにおいて、逃走電子(RE)実験が、2.7、5.4、および7.8 Tの3つの磁場での低密度フラットトッププラズマ放電中に実施された。最後の7.8 Tは、トカマクにおいてREが生成・測定されたこれまでの最高磁場である。時間発展するシンクロトロン放射スペクトルは、可視波長域(–1000 nm)において、プラズマ電流方向と同方向および逆方向を視野とする2台の絶対校正された分光器によって測定された。本論文では、テスト粒子モデルを実装し、磁気軸上およびq  =  1、3/2、2面上におけるREの運動量空間および密度発展を予測する。ドリフト軌道およびそれに続く閉じ込め損失も発展計算に組み込まれる。これらの時空間結果は、新しい合成診断コードSOFT(Hoppe et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion58 026032)への入力として用いられ、実験的に測定されたスペクトルを再現する。これらの放電において、シンクロトロン放射が衝突摩擦を上回る電力損失機構として支配的であり、REエネルギーは磁場の増加とともに減少することが推測される。さらに、硬X線および光中性子測定によって決定されたRE生成の閾値電場が、現在の理論的予測と比較される。

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