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Application of polarization interferometers for Thomson scattering

J Howard2006年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Wide field-of-view, high transparency birefringent filters (essentially fixed delay interferometers) are proposed for incoherent Thomson scattering measurements of the temperature and density of plasma free electrons. For thermal electrons, the optical coherence of the Thomson scattered light at an appropriately chosen optical path delay, is a unique function of the electron temperature and density. The detection system utilizes a single filter combined with imaging optics and dual detector arrays to simultaneously observe both dark and bright scattered light interference fringes. The system delivers two signals that allow the recovery of the two unknowns—temperature and density. It is shown that the normalized intensity difference between the bright and dark interference fringes gives a direct measure of the electron temperature, even for strongly blue shifted high temperature spectra. As usual, the total scattered light flux (the sum of bright and dark signals) is proportional to the number of illuminated electrons. For multi-pulse systems, an electronically switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal delay plate synchronized with the laser repetition rate can allow density and temperature to be obtained using a single detector array. The use of a time-multiplex approach both simplifies relative channel calibration issues and opens the possibility for 2D temperature imaging. This paper describes the measurement principle and presents the results of numerical simulations for both low and high temperature scenarios.

日本語訳

広視野・高透過率の複屈折フィルター(本質的には固定遅延干渉計)を、プラズマ自由電子の温度と密度の非干渉性トムソン散乱測定のために提案する。熱電子に対して、適切に選択された光路遅延におけるトムソン散乱光の光学コヒーレンスは、電子温度と密度の一意な関数となる。検出システムは、単一のフィルターを結像光学系および二つの検出器アレイと組み合わせて用いることで、明暗両方の散乱干渉縞を同時に観測する。このシステムは二つの信号を出力し、これにより温度と密度という二つの未知数を求めることができる。明干渉縞と暗干渉縞の間の規格化強度差が、たとえ強く青方偏移した高温スペクトルであっても、電子温度の直接的な指標となることが示される。従来通り、全散乱光(明暗両信号の和)は、照明された電子数に比例する。多パルスシステムにおいては、レーザーの繰り返し周波数に同期した電気的に切り替え可能な強誘電性液晶遅延板を用いることで、単一の検出器アレイにより温度と密度の両方を取得できる。時間多重化アプローチの使用は、チャンネル間の較正問題を簡素化するだけでなく、2次元温度イメージングの可能性を開く。本論文では、測定原理を説明し、低温および高温の両シナリオに対する数値シミュレーションの結果を示す。

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