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Understanding helium transport: experimental and theoretical investigations of low-Z impurity transport at ASDEX Upgrade

A. Kappatou, R.M. McDermott, C. Angioni, P. Manas, T. Pütterich, R. Dux, E. Viezzer, R.J.E. Jaspers, R. Fischer, M.G. Dunne2019年被引用 19Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The presence of helium is fundamentally connected to the performance of a fusion reactor, as fusion-produced helium is expected to heat the plasma bulk, while He 'ash' accumulation dilutes the fusion fuel. An understanding of helium transport via experimentally validated theoretical models of the low-Z impurity turbulent transport is indispensable to predict the helium density profile in future fusion devices. At ASDEX Upgrade, detailed, multi-species investigations of low-Z impurity transport have been undertaken in dedicated experiments, resulting in an extensive database of helium and boron density profiles over a wide range of parameters relevant for turbulent transport (normalised gradients of the electron density, the ion temperature, and the toroidal rotation profiles, the collisionality and the electron to ion temperature ratio). Helium is not found to accumulate in the parameter space investigated, as the shape of the helium density profile follows largely that of the electron density. Helium is observed to be as peaked as the electron density at high electron cyclotron resonance heating fraction, and less peaked than the electron density at high neutral beam heating fraction. The boron density profile is found to be consistently less peaked than the electron density profile. Detailed comparisons of the experimental density gradients of both impurities with quasilinear gyrokinetic simulations have shown that a qualitative agreement between experiment and theory cannot always be obtained, with strong discrepancies observed in some cases.

日本語訳

ヘリウムの存在は核融合炉の性能に根本的に結びついており、核融合で生成されたヘリウムはプラズマ本体を加熱することが期待される一方、He「灰」の蓄積は核融合燃料を希釈する。将来の核融合装置におけるヘリウム密度分布を予測するためには、低Z不純物の乱流輸送に関する実験的に検証された理論モデルを通じたヘリウム輸送の理解が不可欠である。ASDEX Upgradeでは、低Z不純物輸送の詳細な多種粒子種調査が専用実験において実施され、その結果、乱流輸送に関連する広範なパラメータ範囲(電子密度の規格化勾配、イオン温度、トロイダル回転分布、衝突頻度、電子対イオン温度比)にわたるヘリウムおよびホウ素の密度分布の広範なデータベースが得られた。調査されたパラメータ空間においてヘリウムの蓄積は観測されず、ヘリウム密度分布の形状は電子密度分布の形状に概ね追従する。ヘリウムは、高電子サイクロトロン共鳴加熱割合では電子と同程度にピーク化することが観測され、高中性粒子ビーム加熱割合では電子よりも弱いピーク化を示す。ホウ素密度分布は、一貫して電子密度分布よりも弱いピーク化を示すことが確認された。両不純物の実験的な密度勾配と準線形ジャイロ運動論的シミュレーションとの詳細な比較により、実験と理論の間で定性的な一致が常に得られるわけではなく、いくつかの場合において大きな不一致が観測されることが明らかになった。

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asdex-upgrade高精度(タイトル一致)

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ImpurityASDEXASDEX UpgradeHeliumImpurity transport
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