Robust real-time feedback algorithms for plasma kinetic control in advanced tokamak scenarios

Robust real-time control algorithms for tracking plasma kinetic parameters in advanced tokamak scenarios are developed based on linear state-space (LSS) dynamic models. The real-time control algorithms under study comprise the robust control, the linear quadratic integral control and the internal model control. The plasma models used in this work are restricted to LSS models identified from dedicated simulation/experimental data, though the proposed control algorithms can conveniently be extrapolated to broadly incorporate linear models obtained from first-principles plasma theory. The control objective is to track plasma kinetic parameters of interest to desired operating points in advanced tokamak scenarios by actuating additional heating & current drive systems in real-time. Plasma kinetic parameters involve the poloidal pressure parameter βp, the internal inductance , the average toroidal rotation angular speed and the electron temperature on axis while the actuators are the ion cyclotron resonance heating and lower hybrid current drive systems. In order to achieve enhanced control performance, two control layers are designed. The outer layer, i.e. an internal model-based proportional-integral actuator controller, operating on a fast timescale ( the energy confinement time τE) aiming at tracking the commands requested by the inner kinetic controllers, while the inner layer, i.e. a kinetic controller chosen from various alternatives, running on a slow timescale () is dedicated to tailoring plasma kinetic parameters. Simulation results for the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) tokamak are provided and compared to show the capabilities of each control approach. Dedicated kinetic control experiments conducted in an H-mode scenario on EAST are reported as well. The advantages and limits of these control algorithms are discussed and summarised.