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Electromagnetic coil optimization for reduced Lorentz forces

Siena Hurwitz, Matt Landreman, Paul Huslage, Alan Kaptanoglu2025年5月Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The reduction of magnetic forces on electromagnetic coils is an important consideration in the design of high-field devices such as the stellarator or tokamak. Unfortunately, these forces may be too time-consuming to evaluate by conventional finite element modeling within an optimization loop. Although mutual forces can be computed rapidly by approximating large-bore coils as infinitely thin, this approximation does not hold for self-forces as it leads to an unphysical divergence. Recently, a novel reduced model for the self-field, self-force, and self-inductance of electromagnetic coils based on filamentary models was rigorously derived and demonstrated to be highly accurate and numerically efficient to evaluate (Hurwitz et al 2024 IEEE Trans. Magn.60 7001614). In this paper, we present an implementation of the reduced self-force model employing automatic differentiation within the simsopt stellarator design software and use it in derivative-based coil optimization for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator. We show that it is possible to significantly reduce point-wise forces throughout the coils, though this comes with trade-offs to fast particle losses and the minimum distance between coils and the plasma surface. The trade-off between magnetic forces and coil-surface distance is mediated by the minimum coil–coil distance for coils near the inboard side of the 'bean' cross-section of the plasma. The relationship between forces and fast particle losses is mediated by the normal field error. Coil forces can be lowered to a threshold with minimal deterioration to losses. Importantly, the magnet optimization approach here can be used also for tokamaks, other fusion concepts, and applications outside of fusion.

日本語訳

電磁コイルに作用する磁気力の低減は、ステラレータやトカマクなどの高磁場装置の設計における重要な考慮事項である。残念ながら、これらの力は、最適化ループ内で従来の有限要素モデリングによって評価するには時間がかかりすぎる可能性がある。相互力は、大口径コイルを無限に薄いものとして近似することで高速に計算できるが、この近似は自己力に対しては成り立たず、非物理的な発散を引き起こす。最近、フィラメントモデルに基づく電磁コイルの自己場、自己力、および自己インダクタンスのための新しい縮約モデルが厳密に導出され、高精度かつ数値的に効率的に評価できることが実証された(Hurwitz et al 2024 IEEE Trans. Magn.60 7001614)。本論文では、simsoptステラレータ設計ソフトウェア内で自動微分を用いた縮約自己力モデルの実装を提示し、準軸対称ステラレータに対する微分ベースのコイル最適化に使用する。コイル全体にわたる点ごとの力を大幅に低減できることを示すが、これには高速粒子損失およびコイルとプラズマ表面間の最小距離に関するトレードオフが伴う。磁気力とコイル-表面距離の間のトレードオフは、プラズマの「ビーン」断面の内側近くのコイルに対する最小コイル間距離によって媒介される。力と高速粒子損失の関係は、法線磁場誤差によって媒介される。コイル力は、損失への悪影響を最小限に抑えながら、ある閾値まで低減できる。重要なことに、ここでの磁石最適化手法は、トカマク、他の核融合概念、および核融合以外の応用にも使用できる。

AIによる論文要約

電磁コイルの最適化による Lorentz 力の低減
JAこの論文は、融合プラズマ研究者、特に高磁場デバイスの設計に携わる研究者に有益です。また、電磁力学や最適化手法に興味のある学生にも役立つ内容となっています。#ElectromagneticCoilOptimization #LorentzForceReduction #FusionDeviceDesign
LLM向け: {'Title': '電磁コイルの最適化による Lorentz 力の低減', 'Author(s)': '不明', 'Research Objective': …

この論文では、高磁場デバイスの設計において重要な課題である電磁コイルの磁気力の低減について、効率的な計算手法を用いた最適化手法を提案しています。特に、自己力の計算に着目し、フィラメンタリーモデルに基づく新しい手法を用いることで、高精度かつ効率的な最適化が可能となっています。この手法は、ステラレーター、トカマク、その他の融合デバイスや応用分野でも活用できます。

Electromagnetic coil optimization for reduced Lorentz forces
ENThis paper should be read by fusion researchers and engineers involved in the design and optimization of high-field electromagnetic coils for fusion devices. The techniques presented can also be applicable to other applications outside of fusion.#FusionCoilOptimization #LorentzForceReduction #ElectromagneticDesign
LLM向け: {'Title': 'Electromagnetic coil optimization for reduced Lorentz forces', 'Autho…

This paper presents a method to optimize the design of electromagnetic coils used in fusion devices like stellarators and tokamaks, with the goal of reducing the magnetic forces acting on the coils. The authors use a novel reduced model to efficiently compute the self-forces on the coils, and then employ this model in a coil optimization process. The optimization can significantly reduce the forces on the coils, though it involves trade-offs with other performance metrics like fast particle losses and coil-plasma distance.

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