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Divertor plate erosion and radiating vapour shield formation during hard disruptions: theory and numerical modelling

L.L. Lengyel, K. Lackner, P.J. Lalousis, P.N. Spathis, V.A. Rozhanskij, I.Yu. Veselova, P.B. Parks1998年被引用 7Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The time evolution of radiating vapour shields over eroding solid surfaces and the resulting erosion rates are modelled by one dimensional (1-D) and 1½-D resistive MHD codes. Graphite or carbonized divertor plates subjected to high energy deuterium plasma particles during disruptions or giant ELMs are considered. The energy flux range assumed corresponds to ITER conditions. Various physical phenomena having a primary effect on the erosion rate, such as collisional interaction of the energy carriers with the target (solid surface or vapour particles), electrostatic shielding, magnetohydrodynamic interaction and radiant energy transport, are investigated in detail. In the 1-D and 1½-D approximations used and for the energy input parameter range considered (Q0 = 1011 W/m2) ablation rates of the order of 1028 m-2·s-1 were obtained. It is shown that processes, such as lateral expansion, lateral drift, radiation losses through the lateral surfaces of the scrape-off layer (SOL) and the Hall effect, may notably change the predicted erosion rates and warrant a more elaborate, at least 2-D, treatment of the problem.

日本語訳

放射する固体表面の上の放射蒸気シールドの時間発展と、それによって生じる侵食速度は、1次元(1-D)および1½次元の抵抗性MHDコードによってモデル化される。ディスラプションまたは巨大ELMの間に高エネルギーの重水素プラズマ粒子にさらされるグラファイトまたは炭化ダイバータ板を考慮する。仮定されるエネルギー束範囲はITER条件に対応する。侵食速度に主要な影響を与える様々な物理現象、例えばエネルギーキャリアとターゲット(固体表面または蒸気粒子)との衝突相互作用、静電シールド、電磁流体力学相互作用、および放射エネルギー輸送が詳細に調査される。使用された1次元および1½次元近似において、また考慮されたエネルギー入力パラメータ範囲(Q0 = 1011 W/m2)において、1028 m-2·s-1のオーダーのアブレーション速度が得られた。側方膨張、側方ドリフト、スクレイプオフ層(SOL)の側面を通じた放射損失、およびホール効果などのプロセスが、予測される侵食速度を著しく変化させ得ること、そして問題のより精密な、少なくとも2次元的な取り扱いが必要であることが示される。

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