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Spatial transport of runaway electrons in axisymmetric tokamak plasmas

Christopher J McDevitt, Zehua Guo, Xian-Zhu Tang2019年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

An implicit assumption made in the vast majority of studies of runaway electrons is that they are well confined to a given magnetic flux surface, thus allowing the use of slab or bounce averaged formulations that ignore the spatial transport of runaway electrons. While such an assumption is known to break down in the presence of strong 3D magnetic field perturbations, here we show that it can be violated even for an axisymmetric magnetic field under conditions representative of an actively mitigated disrupting plasma. Specifically, the low temperature and large impurity content typical of a post thermal quench plasma are shown to provide a drastic enhancement of the diffusive and convective transport of runaways electrons, where the convective component is found to be dominated by the Ware pinch. This inward convective flux allows runaway electrons to be displaced toward the plasma center, where they are eventually detrapped and reaccelerated, thus focusing populations of runaway electrons in the inner portion of the plasma. The resulting runaway electron distribution is shown to settle into a well-defined spatial eigenmode, whose form is often insensitive to the spatial distribution of the original seed population. The underlying transport processes responsible for determining the width and shape of the spatial runaway electron eigenmode are analyzed under a range of circumstances characteristic of a post thermal quench plasma.

日本語訳

runaway electron(逃走電子)に関する研究の大半で暗黙に仮定されているのは、それらが特定の磁気面に十分閉じ込められているということであり、それにより空間輸送を無視したスラブ平均化またはバウンス平均化の定式化を用いることが可能となる。この仮定は強い3次元磁場摂動の存在下では破綻することが知られているが、ここでは、積極的に緩和されるディスラプション中のプラズマを代表する条件下で、軸対称磁場であってもこの仮定が破綻し得ることを示す。具体的には、熱クエンチ後のプラズマに典型的な低温・高不純物含有量が、逃走電子の拡散輸送および対流輸送を劇的に増大させることが示され、その対流成分はウェア・ピンチが支配的であることが見出される。この内向きの対流フラックスにより、逃走電子はプラズマ中心部へと移動し、そこで最終的にデトラップされて再加速され、その結果、逃走電子の集団はプラズマ内部領域に集中する。得られる逃走電子の分布は、明確に定義された空間固有モードへと収束し、その形状は多くの場合、初期の種集団の空間分布に依存しない。この空間固有モードの幅と形状を決定する基礎的な輸送機構が、熱クエンチ後のプラズマに特徴的な一連の条件下で解析される。

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Runaway electron
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