The future experimental fusion reactor International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor will include two neutral beam injectors, which will contribute to heat the plasma to thermonuclear temperatures and to sustain the magnetic equilibrium by driving the toroidal current. Each injector will consist of a 40 A negative ion source, followed by a 1 MeV electrostatic accelerator and a gas neutralizer. The modelling of the transport of beam particles through the accelerator is a key ingredient in the design of the accelerator optics. It has been recently shown (Mochalskyy et al 2012 J. Appl. Phys.111 113303) that the space distribution of the negative ion beam at the extraction plane of the ion source drastically differs from the ones used in previous studies of the accelerator optics. A numerical study of the transport of beam particles through the accelerator using these realistic geometries for the input beam is presented here. The simulations are performed with a new 3D particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision code called ONAC (Orsay Negative ion ACcelerator). The code is able to deal with accurate 3D magnetic field configurations and electrode geometries. Simulations show that the initial beam distribution drastically affects the beam transport and the power load on the grids. A significant fraction of beam particles collides with the accelerating grids, with a corresponding power loss of ∼20% of the total power carried by the beam. The inclusion of beam loading effects (intrinsically taken into account in PIC codes) and of a fully 3D model is shown to be necessary to provide a correct description of the transport.
Beam losses and beam halos in accelerators for new energy sources