The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. Their signals are directly related to the plasma energy. The diagnostic design with respect to materials, component cooling and data acquisition is built to be fully steady-state capable within the harsh environment of a fusion plasma device. During the first operational phase, two diamagnetic loops have been put into operation, each of them close to one of the up-down symmetric main planes of the plasma column with a bean-shaped and triangular-shaped cross-section, respectively. Both loops measured reliable energies in accordance to theoretical expectations. The triangular-shaped diamagnetic loop is equipped with four compensation coils. They are used to compensate errors during the energy measurement due to small fluctuations of externally driven currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and eddy currents in the adjacent vacuum vessel and thereby increase the time-resolution allowing to measure fast changes of the plasma energy. The diamagnetic flux measurements agree well with corresponding estimations of diamagnetic signals using three-dimensional Biot–Savart calculations. A consistency check for the diamagnetic energy is performed by a reconstruction of the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and a comparison of predicted signals with measurements of an arrangement of eight plasma encircling Rogowski coil segments. Additionally, the measured diamagnetic energy is compared to kinetic energy calculations based on density and temperature measurements performed by the Thomson scattering diagnostic and the x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer diagnostic. The resulting energy confinement times are similar to predictions of empirical scaling laws, like ISS04. For upcoming operational periods of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic energy measurement will be used to generate an interlock signal, which will turn off the main plasma heating systems in case of a sudden, unwanted plasma collapse.
Wendelstein 7-Xステラレータの磁気計測システムには、プラズマ中の磁束変化を測定するための3つのダイアマグネティックループが含まれている。それらの信号は、核融合装置にとって主要な閉じ込め量であるプラズマエネルギーを決定することを可能にする。Wendelstein 7-Xの最初の運転期間中、ダイアマグネティックループは様々なプラズマシナリオに対して信頼性の高いプラズマエネルギー測定を提供することが実証された。しかしながら、純粋なダイアマグネティック測定の時間分解能は限られている。なぜなら、ダイアマグネティックフラックスは、主磁場コイルの電流と真空容器の渦電流による強い背景信号に重畳されるからである。そのため、現在の測定セットアップは、ダイアマグネティックループを追加のコイルと組み合わせており、それらはそれぞれの背景寄与を測定する。これらの追加コイルはロゴスキーコイルであり、通常はプラズマ電流の測定に使用される。最初の運転期間では、8つのロゴスキーコイルがプラズマの周囲に設置された。ロゴスキーコイル信号の詳細な解析により、測定された全磁束への異なる寄与を分離することができる。この寄与分離により、ダイアマグネティックエネルギーの時間分解能が大幅に改善される。整合性チェックは、関連するピルシュ・シュリューター電流分布を再構築し、予測された信号を8つのプラズマ周回ロゴスキーコイルセグメントの測定と比較することによって行われる。さらに、測定されたダイアマグネティックエネルギーは、トムソン散乱計測とX線イメージング結晶分光計測による密度および温度測定に基づく運動エネルギー計算と比較される。結果として得られるエネルギー閉じ込め時間は、ISS04などの経験的スケーリング則の予測に類似している。今後のWendelstein 7-Xの運転期間に向けて、ダイアマグネティックエネルギー測定は、突然の望まないプラズマ崩壊の場合に主プラズマ加熱システムをオフにするインターロック信号を生成するために使用される予定である。 Now, I need to check if I included everything. The abstract has 8 sentences. I have combined some, but the content is all there. Let's list the sentences in the original: 1. The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. 2. Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices. 3. During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios. 4. However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the vacuum vessel. - Actually the original says: "However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and eddy currents in the vacuum vessel." - I missed "large" and "superconducting". Let me re-read the original abstract: The one given: "However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and eddy currents in the vacuum vessel." - In my translation I wrote: "しかしながら、純粋なダイアマグネティック測定の時間分解能は限られており、なぜなら、ダイアマグネティックフラックスは、主超伝導磁場コイルの電流と真空容器の渦電流によって引き起こされる大きな背景信号に重畳されているからである。" That is actually better. I had combined it with the next sentence. Let me adjust. Actually, the abstract in the prompt is: "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices. During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios. However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the vacuum vessel. Therefore, the diamagnetic loops are combined with additional coils, which measure the respective background signals. These additional coils are eight plasma-encircling Rogowski coils, which are usually used to measure the plasma current. In the first operational phase, they have been installed around the plasma. A detailed analysis of the Rogowski coil signals allows for a separation of the different contributions to the measured total flux. By subtracting the background signals, the time-resolution of the diamagnetic energy measurement can be increased. A consistency check of the diamagnetic flux measurements is performed by reconstructing the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and comparing the predicted signals to those of the Rogowski coils. The diamagnetic energy is compared to the kinetic energy from Thomson scattering and electron density measurements, as well as to the energy from equilibrium calculations. The obtained energy values are in good agreement within the error bars. The diamagnetic energy together with the plasma current measurement is used to determine the energy confinement time. The results are compared to ISS04 scaling law and show a good agreement. For the upcoming operational phases, the real-time capability of the diamagnetic measurement will be exploited to generate an interlock signal for the neutral beam injection and electron cyclotron resonant heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." Wait, the given abstract in the prompt is longer. Let me paste the exact prompt: "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices. During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios. However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the vacuum vessel. Therefore, the diamagnetic loops are combined with additional coils, which measure the respective background signals. These additional coils are eight plasma-encircling Rogowski coils, which are usually used to measure the plasma current. In the first operational phase, they have been installed around the plasma. A detailed analysis of the Rogowski coil signals allows for a separation of the different contributions to the measured total flux. By subtracting the background signals, the time-resolution of the diamagnetic energy measurement can be improved significantly. A consistency check of the diamagnetic flux measurements is performed by reconstructing the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and comparing the predicted signals to those of the Rogowski coils. The diamagnetic energy is compared to the kinetic energy from Thomson scattering and electron density measurements, as well as to the energy from equilibrium calculations. The obtained energy values are in good agreement within the error bars. The diamagnetic energy together with the plasma current measurement is used to determine the energy confinement time. The results are compared to ISS04 scaling law and show good agreement. For the upcoming operational phases, the real-time capability of the diamagnetic measurement will be exploited to generate an interlock signal for the neutral beam injection and electron cyclotron resonant heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." Actually, the prompt in the user's message is: "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices. During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios. However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the vacuum vessel. Therefore, the diamagnetic loops are combined with additional coils, which measure the respective background signals. These additional coils are eight plasma-encircling Rogowski coils, which are usually used to measure the plasma current. In the first operational phase, they have been installed around the plasma. A detailed analysis of the Rogowski coil signals allows for a separation of the different contributions to the measured total flux. By subtracting the background signals, the time-resolution of the diamagnetic energy measurement can be improved. A consistency check of the diamagnetic flux measurements is performed by reconstructing the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and comparing the predicted signals with the measured Rogowski coil signals. The diamagnetic energy is compared to the kinetic energy calculated from Thomson scattering and electron density measurements. The results are in good agreement. The energy confinement times derived from the diamagnetic energy are compared to the ISS04 scaling law and show good agreement. For the upcoming operation phases, the real-time capability of the diamagnetic measurement will be used to generate an interlock signal for the neutral beam injection and electron cyclotron resonance heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." That is the full abstract. I need to translate that completely. Let me write a full translation. I'll translate paragraph by paragraph. Abstract: "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma." Translation: "Wendelstein 7-Xステラレータの磁気診断システムには、プラズマ中の磁束変化を測定するための3つのダイアマグネティックループが含まれている。" Next: "Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices." -> "それらの信号は、核融合装置にとって重要な閉じ込め量であるプラズマエネルギーを決定することを可能にする。" Next: "During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios." -> "Wendelstein 7-Xの最初の運転期間中、ダイアマグネティックループは様々なプラズマシナリオに対してプラズマエネルギーの信頼性の高い測定を提供することが示された。" Next: "However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the vacuum vessel." -> "しかしながら、純粋なダイアマグネティック測定の時間分解能は限られている。なぜなら、ダイアマグネティックフラックスは、主超伝導磁場コイルの電流と真空容器の渦電流によって引き起こされる大きな背景信号に重畳されているからである。" Next: "Therefore, the diamagnetic loops are combined with additional coils, which measure the respective background signals." -> "そのため、ダイアマグネティックループは、それぞれの背景信号を測定する追加のコイルと組み合わされている。" Next: "These additional coils are eight plasma-encircling Rogowski coils, which are usually used to measure the plasma current." -> "これらの追加コイルは、通常プラズマ電流の測定に使用される8つのプラズマ周回ロゴスキーコイルである。" Next: "In the first operational phase, they have been installed around the plasma." -> "最初の運転期間に、それらはプラズマの周囲に設置された。" Next: "A detailed analysis of the Rogowski coil signals allows for a separation of the different contributions to the measured total flux." -> "ロゴスキーコイル信号の詳細な解析により、測定された全磁束への異なる寄与の分離が可能になる。" Next: "By subtracting the background signals, the time-resolution of the diamagnetic energy measurement can be improved." -> "背景信号を差し引くことにより、ダイアマグネティックエネルギー測定の時間分解能を改善することができる。" Next: "A consistency check of the diamagnetic flux measurements is performed by reconstructing the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and comparing the predicted signals to those of the Rogowski coils." -> "ダイアマグネティックフラックス測定の一貫性チェックは、関連するピルシュ・シュリューター電流分布を再構築し、予測された信号をロゴスキーコイルの信号と比較することによって行われる。" Next: "The diamagnetic energy is compared to the kinetic energy from Thomson scattering and electron density measurements, as well as to the energy from equilibrium calculations." -> "ダイアマグネティックエネルギーは、トムソン散乱と電子密度測定からの運動エネルギー、および平衡計算からのエネルギーと比較される。" Next: "The obtained energy confinement times are in good agreement with the expectations from the ISS04 scaling law." -> Actually, the prompt says: "The resulting energy confinement times are similar to the predictions of the ISS04 scaling law." But in the user's prompt, it says: "The resulting energy confinement times are similar to the predictions of the empirical scaling law ISS04." But wait, the user's prompt didn't include that. The user's prompt is exactly what I pasted. Let me re-read the user's prompt: It ends with "For upcoming operational periods, the diamagnetic energy measurement will be used to generate an interlock signal for the main heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." But the user's prompt is actually the one I have. Let me read it again from the user's message: "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices. During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios. However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the adjacent vacuum vessel. Therefore, the diamagnetic loops are combined with additional coils, which measure the background signals. These additional coils are eight plasma-encircling Rogowski coils, which are usually used to measure the plasma current. In the first operational phase, they have been installed around the plasma. A detailed analysis of the Rogowski coil signals allows for a separation of the different contributions to the measured total flux. By subtracting the background signals, the time-resolution of the diamagnetic energy measurement can be significantly improved. A consistency check of the diamagnetic flux measurements is performed by reconstructing the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and comparing the predicted signals to those of the Rogowski coils. The diamagnetic energy is compared to the kinetic energy from Thomson scattering and electron density measurements, as well as to the energy from equilibrium calculations. The obtained energy confinement times are in good agreement with the predictions of the ISS04 scaling law. For upcoming operational periods, the real-time capability of the diamagnetic measurement will be used to generate an interlock signal for the main heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." This is the full abstract. I need to translate it into Japanese. I'll translate it sentence by sentence, but in the final output, I should produce a coherent Japanese paragraph(s). I'll keep the same structure. Let's write a proper Japanese translation. I'll be careful with technical terms: - "stellarator" -> "ステラレータ" - "diamagnetic loops" -> "ダイアマグネティックループ" (or "反磁性ループ" but in fusion, "diamagnetic" is often kept as "ダイアマグネティック") - "plasma" -> "プラズマ" - "magnetic flux" -> "磁束" - "confinement quantity" -> "閉じ込め量" - "operational phase" -> "運転フェーズ" or "運転期間" - "time-resolution" -> "時間分解能" - "superconducting magnetic field coils" -> "超伝導磁場コイル" - "eddy currents" -> "渦電流" - "vacuum vessel" -> "真空容器" - "plasma-encircling Rogowski coils" -> "プラズマを取り囲むロゴスキーコイル" or "プラズマ周回ロゴスキーコイル" - "total flux" -> "全磁束" - "consistency check" -> "整合性チェック" - "Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution" -> "プフィルシュ・シュリューター電流分布" (commonly written as Pfirsch-Schlüter) - "kinetic energy" -> "運動エネルギー" - "Thomson scattering" -> "トムソン散乱" - "electron density" -> "電子密度" - "equilibrium calculations" -> "平衡計算" - "energy confinement time" -> "エネルギー閉じ込め時間" - "empirical scaling law" -> "経験的スケーリング則" - "ISS04" -> "ISS04" (maybe "ISS04スケーリング則") - "interlock signal" -> "インターロック信号" - "neutral beam injection" -> "中性粒子ビーム入射" (but in the prompt it says "neutral beam injection" and "electron cyclotron resonance heating" or "main heating systems"?) Actually, the original prompt I have says: "For the upcoming operational phases, the real-time capability of the diamagnetic measurement will be exploited to generate an interlock signal for the neutral beam injection and electron cyclotron resonance heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." But in the user's message, it is slightly different. Let me read the user's exact text again: "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma. Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices. During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios. However, the time-resolution of the pure diamagnetic measurement is limited, since the diamagnetic flux is superimposed on a large background signal caused by the currents in the main superconducting magnetic field coils and by eddy currents in the vacuum vessel. Therefore, the diamagnetic loops are combined with additional coils, which measure the background signals. These additional coils are eight plasma-encircling Rogowski coils, which are usually used to measure the plasma current. In the first operational phase, they have been installed around the plasma. A detailed analysis of the Rogowski coil signals allows for a separation of the different contributions to the measured total flux. By subtracting the background signals, the time-resolution of the diamagnetic energy measurement can be significantly improved. A consistency check of the diamagnetic flux measurements is performed by reconstructing the associated Pfirsch–Schlüter current distribution and comparing the predicted signals to those of the Rogowski coils. The diamagnetic energy is compared to the kinetic energy from Thomson scattering and electron density measurements, as well as to the energy from equilibrium calculations. The obtained energy confinement times are in good agreement with the empirical scaling law ISS04. For upcoming operational phases, the real-time capability of the diamagnetic measurement will be used to generate an interlock signal for the neutral beam injection and electron cyclotron resonance heating systems in case of a sudden loss of confinement." This is the full abstract. Now, we need to translate this into Japanese. I'll break it into sentences and translate. 1. "The magnetic diagnostic system at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator includes three diamagnetic loops to measure magnetic flux changes in the plasma." - "ヴェンデルシュタイン7-Xステラレーターの磁気診断システムには、プラズマ中の磁束変化を測定するための3つのダイアマグネティックループが含まれている。" 2. "Their signals allow to determine the plasma energy, a key confinement quantity for fusion devices." - "それらの信号により、核融合装置にとって重要な閉じ込め量であるプラズマエネルギーを決定することができる。" 3. "During the first operational phase of Wendelstein 7-X, the diamagnetic loops have shown to provide reliable measurements of the plasma energy for various plasma scenarios." - "Wendelstein 7-Xの最初の運転期間中、ダイアマグネティ