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Correction of JET bolometric maximum likelihood tomography for local gas puffing

Emmanuele Peluso, Andrea Murari, Teddy Craciunescu, Pedro Carvalho, Michela Gelfusa, Pasqualino Gaudio, Ivan Wyss, JET Contributors2023年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

Tomography is applied daily to bolometric data in magnetically controlled nuclear fusion devices to infer important quantities of the studied plasmas, such as the emissivity profiles or the radiated power in different locations of the main chamber. Tomographic reconstructions are also crucial for power balance analysis and to estimate heat fluxes for turbulence studies. One of the issues, associated with any tomographic technique, resides in the ill-posed nature of the mathematical problem, meaning that more than one possible emissivity profile is compatible with the measurements within the estimated uncertainties. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the quality of the obtained reconstructions is an important step of the analysis. On Joint European Torus (JET), since the two cameras are located in different toroidal locations, axial symmetry of the plasma radiation must be assumed to perform traditional tomographic reconstructions. Such a specific hypothesis, however, cannot be guaranteed in the case of symmetry-breaking mechanisms, such as strong local gas puffing for fuelling. The present contribution addresses this problem of local plasma fuelling, focusing on the observed significant mismatch between measured and back-calculated projections in specific pulses, including the last JET DT campaign (DTE2) carried out in 2021. The analysis indicates that the observed discrepancy, due to the gas injected primarily from valves located in the same octant where one of the bolometer arrays is located, can be rectified acceptably well by a physically-based correction. The sensible improvements in the bolometric maximum likelihood tomography's outputs are also documented, and the possible physical explanation for such a phenomenon is discussed. The study performed in this article is expected to have a significant impact on the analysis of JET data and on the physical interpretation of the results obtained during the recent DTE2 experiments, for which a proper evaluation of the radiated power estimates is of non-negligible relevance.

日本語訳

トモグラフィーは、磁気核融合装置におけるボロメトリックデータに日常的に適用され、研究対象のプラズマの重要な量、例えば発光率プロファイルや主チャンバーの異なる位置での放射パワーを推定している。トモグラフィー再構成はまた、パワーバランス解析や熱流束推定のための乱流研究にも不可欠である。あらゆるトモグラフィー技術に伴う問題の一つは、数学的問題の不良設定性にあり、すなわち、測定値と誤差範囲内で整合する発光率プロファイルが複数存在し得ることを意味する。したがって、得られた再構成の品質を慎重に評価することは、解析の重要なステップとなる。JET(共同欧州トーラス)では、2台のカメラが異なるトロイダル位置に設置されているため、従来のトモグラフィー再構成を行うにはプラズマ放射の軸対称性を仮定する必要がある。しかしながら、このような仮定は、例えば強い局所ガス入射による対称性破れ機構が存在する場合には保証されない。本稿では、この局所プラズマガス入射の問題に取り組み、特定のパルス、特に2021年に実施されたJET重水素-トリチウム実験(DTE2)キャンペーンにおいて、測定された投影と逆投影計算値の間に観測された有意な不一致に焦点を当てる。解析の結果、ボロメータアレイの一つが位置する同じオクタントに主としてガスが注入されることに起因する観測された不一致は、物理に基づく補正によって許容可能な程度に修正できることが示された。ボロメトリック最大尤度トモグラフィーの出力における顕著な改善も記録されており、このような現象の物理的説明についても考察する。本稿で実施した研究は、JETデータの解析および最近のDTE2実験で得られた結果の物理的解釈に多大な影響を与えると期待され、そこでは放射パワー推定値の適切な評価が無視できない重要性を持つ。

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