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Dynamics of kinetic geodesic-acoustic modes and the radial electric field in tokamak neoclassical plasmas

X.Q. Xu, E. Belli, K. Bodi, J. Candy, C.S. Chang, R.H. Cohen, P. Colella, A.M. Dimits, M.R. Dorr, Z. Gao2009年被引用 18Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

We present edge gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak plasmas using the fully non-linear (full-f) continuum code TEMPEST. A non-linear Boltzmann model is used for the electrons. The electric field is obtained by solving the 2D gyrokinetic Poisson equation. We demonstrate the following. (1) High harmonic resonances (n > 2) significantly enhance geodesic-acoustic mode (GAM) damping at high q (tokamak safety factor), and are necessary to explain the damping observed in our TEMPEST q-scans and consistent with the experimental measurements of the scaling of the GAM amplitude with edge q95 in the absence of obvious evidence that there is a strong q-dependence of the turbulent drive and damping of the GAM. (2) The kinetic GAM exists in the edge for steep density and temperature gradients in the form of outgoing waves, its radial scale is set by the ion temperature profile, and ion temperature inhomogeneity is necessary for GAM radial propagation. (3) The development of the neoclassical electric field evolves through different phases of relaxation, including GAMs, their radial propagation and their long-time collisional decay. (4) Natural consequences of orbits in the pedestal and scrape-off layer region in divertor geometry are substantial non-Maxwellian ion distributions and parallel flow characteristics qualitatively like those observed in experiments.

日本語訳

我々は、完全非線形(full-f)連続体コードTEMPESTを用いたトカマクプラズマのエッジ・ジャイロ運動論シミュレーションを提示する。電子には非線形ボルツマンモデルを用いる。電場は2次元ジャイロ運動論ポアソン方程式を解くことによって得られる。我々は以下を実証する。(1) 高次高調波共鳴(n > 2)は、高いq(トカマク安全係数)において測地音響モード(GAM)の減衰を有意に増強し、我々のTEMPESTのqスキャンで観測された減衰を説明するために必要であり、また、GAMの乱流駆動および減衰に強いq依存性があるという明確な証拠がない状況下で、エッジq95に対するGAM振幅のスケーリングの実験的測定と整合的である。(2) 運動論的GAMは、急峻な密度および温度勾配を持つエッジにおいて外向き伝播波の形で存在し、その動径スケールはイオン温度分布によって決定され、イオン温度の不均一性がGAMの動径伝播に必要である。(3) 新古典電場の時間発展は、GAM、その動径伝播、およびその長時間の衝突減衰を含む異なる緩和段階を経て進行する。(4) ダイバータ形状におけるペデスタルおよびスクレイプオフ層領域での軌道の自然な帰結として、実験で観測されたものと定性的に同様の、実質的な非マクスウェル型イオン分布および平行流特性が生じる。

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Radial electric fieldAcoustic mode
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