A negative-ion-based neutral beam injection (NBI) system, in which large caesium-seeded negative-ion sources are utilized, has operated reliably in the Large Helical Device (LHD) since it was operational in 1998. The injection power of the hydrogen beam has been increased up to 13.1 MW with three injectors. In one injector with modified ion sources utilizing a multi-slotted grounded grid, the injection power reached 5.7 MW with an energy of 184 keV, which exceeds the designed value of 180 keV and 5 MW. Individual control of the local arc-discharge with independently divided arc and filament power supplies is effective in improving beam uniformity in a large negative ion source. The injection duration has been extended to 120 s, during which the LHD plasma is sustained by the NBI alone with a reduced power of 0.2–0.3 MW using one ion source with a cooled plasma grid. These results demonstrate that the injection performance of the negative-ion-based NBI is comparable to that of the conventional positive-ion-based NBI. The progress of the negative-NBI in the LHD is reviewed in detail from the point of view of the improvement of the negative ion sources.
Initial long-pulse plasma heating at reduced power with negative-ion-based neutral beam injector in large helical device