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The project 'Plasmakristall-4' (PK-4)—a new stage in investigations of dusty plasmas under microgravity conditions: first results and future plans

V Fortov, G Morfill, O Petrov, M Thoma, A Usachev, H Hoefner, A Zobnin, M Kretschmer, S Ratynskaia, M Fink2005年Plasma Physics and Controlled FusionIF 2.2出版社

The PK-4 experiment is a continuation of the successful dusty plasma experiments PK-1, PK-2 and PK-3 conducted on board of the orbital space stations Mir and International Space Station. For all these experiments it is important to avoid the strong influence of gravity, exerting an external stress on the system. Whereas PK-3 and PK-3 Plus experiments are using a planar rf capacitive discharge, PK-4 studies complex plasmas in a long cylindrical chamber with a combined dc/rf discharge. Such a configuration of the chamber will provide a particular advantage for investigation of different dynamical phenomena in complex plasmas such as sheared laminar flow of a highly nonideal dusty liquid and its transition to the turbulent regime, nozzle flow, boundary layers and instabilities, shock waves (solitons) formation and propagation, dust particle lane formation, and space dust grain separation according to their size.

日本語訳

PK-4実験は、軌道宇宙ステーション「ミール」および「国際宇宙ステーション」に搭載されて実施された、成功を収めたダストプラズマ実験PK-1、PK-2、PK-3の継続実験である。これらの実験すべてにおいて、システムに外部応力を及ぼす重力の強い影響を回避することが重要である。PK-3およびPK-3 Plus実験が平面型高周波(rf)放電を用いるのに対し、PK-4は長尺円筒型チャンバー内で直流(dc)と高周波(rf)の複合放電を用いてダストプラズマを研究する。このようなチャンバー構成は、高非理想ダスト液体のせん断層流とその乱流状態への遷移、ノズル流、境界層とその不安定性、衝撃波(ソリトン)の形成と伝播、ダスト粒子のレーン形成、ならびにサイズによる宇宙ダスト粒子の分離など、ダストプラズマにおけるさまざまな動的現象の研究において特有の利点をもたらす。

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