The paper summarizes the basic information on the equilibrium of a toroidal plasma column in systems of the Tokamak type. It considers the methods of maintaining a plasma in equilibrium with the help of a conducting casing, an external maintaining field and the iron core of a transformer. Attention is paid to the role of the inhomogeneity of the maintaining field. It is shown in particular how the shape of the column cross-section depends on the curvature of the lines of force of the maintaining field. For the case (which has practical importance) weak asymmetry of the field distribution in the transverse cross-section, this paper describes a uniform method of consideration, which takes into account the influence of different factors on the equilibrium position of the column. This method is used for calculating plasma equilibrium in a Tokamak model with a conducting casing. Account is here taken of the effect of gaps in the casing and of finite electrical conductivity. Some cases of plasma equilibrium which are outside the standard Tokamak scheme are also considered, such as equilibrium in a conducting shell having the shape of a racetrack, equilibrium where the whole current is transferred by relativistic runaway electrons and equilibrium at high plasma pressure βI ∼R/a.
本文概述了托卡马克型系统中环形等离子体柱平衡的基本信息。文中考虑了利用导电壳、外部维持场以及变压器铁芯来维持等离子体平衡的方法。重点讨论了维持场不均匀性的作用。特别展示了等离子体柱截面形状如何依赖于维持场磁力线的曲率。针对横向截面中场的弱不对称性这一具有实际重要性的情况，本文描述了一种统一的处理方法，该方法考虑了不同因素对平衡位置的影响。该方法被用于计算带有导电壳的托卡马克模型中的等离子体平衡。计算中考虑了壳层间隙的影响以及有限电导率的作用。此外，还研究了一些超出标准托卡马克方案的等离子体平衡情形，例如跑道形导电壳中的平衡、全部电流由相对论逃逸电子携带的平衡，以及高等离子体压力β ∼ R/a条件下的平衡。