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Deuterium trapping by deformation-induced defects in tungsten

M. Zibrov, M. Balden, M. Dickmann, A. Dubinko, W. Egger, M. Mayer, D. Terentyev, M. Wirtz2019年被引用 27Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

The influence of defects induced by plastic deformation of tungsten (W) on deuterium (D) retention has been studied. Recrystallized W samples were subjected to tensile deformations at temperatures of 573 K and 873 K to strains in the range of 3%–38%. The dislocation density measured by transmission electron microscopy increased by about 40 times after deformation to the highest strain. The introduced defects were decorated with D by exposure to a low-flux D plasma at sample temperatures of 370 K and 450 K. D retention in the samples was studied using nuclear reaction analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy. The trapped D concentrations after the plasma exposures were low (up to a few times 10−4 at. fr.) and increased more slowly with strain than the dislocation density. Small vacancy-like defects and large vacancy clusters were detected in the samples by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Their concentrations also increased with strain more weakly than the dislocation density. It was concluded that these defects governed the D retention under plasma exposure at 450 K, while dislocations gave only a small contribution. It was also found that deformation already to the lowest strains significantly facilitates the formation of blister-like structures under D plasma exposure at 370 K. The defects associated with blister-like structures presumably gave a substantial contribution to D retention at 370 K.

日本語訳

タングステン(W)の塑性変形によって導入された欠陥が重水素(D)保持に及ぼす影響について研究を行った。再結晶化したW試料を573 Kおよび873 Kの温度で、3%〜38%のひずみ範囲にわたって引張変形させた。透過型電子顕微鏡により測定した転位密度は、最高ひずみまでの変形後、約40倍に増加した。導入された欠陥は、試料温度370 Kおよび450 Kでの低フラックスDプラズマへの曝露によりDで装飾された。試料中のD保持は、核反応分析および熱脱離分光法を用いて調べた。プラズマ曝露後の捕捉D濃度は低く(最大で数×10⁻⁴原子分率)、転位密度よりもひずみに対して緩やかに増加した。陽電子消滅寿命測定により、試料中に小さな空孔型欠陥と大きな空孔クラスターが検出された。それらの濃度もまた、転位密度よりもひずみに対して弱く増加した。結論として、これらの欠陥が450 Kでのプラズマ曝露時のD保持を支配しており、転位の寄与は小さかった。また、最低ひずみまでの変形でも、370 Kでのプラズマ曝露時にブリスター状構造の形成が大幅に促進されることが見出された。ブリスター状構造に関連する欠陥が、370 KでのD保持に substantial な寄与をしていると考えられる。

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