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Collisionless losses of fast ions in the divertor tokamak test due to toroidal field ripple

G. Spizzo, M. Gobbin, P. Agostinetti, R. Albanese, R. Ambrosino, I. Casiraghi, M. Cecconello, M.V. Falessi, G. Granucci, P. Mantica2021年被引用 6Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

In this paper we analyze fast ion motion in the divertor tokamak test (DTT) device (Albanese et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion57 016010). It is planned that DTT will be heated through a mix of 45 MW heating power, including 15 MW negative-ion-based neutral beam heating (NNBI) which is currently being developed by Consorzio RFX in Padova, Italy (Agostinetti et al 2019 Fusion Eng. Design146 441–446). An issue for DTT is that a toroidal field (TF) ripple with a maximum value of about ∼0.42% (with respect to the on-axis magnetic field B0) is expected on the low-field side, and this ripple interacts with fast ions through the rather well-known phenomena of ripple-precession resonances, in addition to prompt losses of ions which do not complete a full orbit in the poloidal plane. We will show that, with the planned geometry of NNBI, prompt losses are negligible, and ripple-precession losses amount to a maximum of 0.15%. The calculations are performed with the guiding center code Orbit using two different equilibria, and a beam with an energy of 400 keV and the injection angle αinj = 40° (measured w.r.t. the first wall), which corresponds to a pitch of injected particles λ = v∥/v ≈ sin αinj = 0.65. The main resonances are of the form ωb − nNωd = 0, ωb and ωd being the bounce and precession frequency, respectively, N = 18 the ripple periodicity and 3 ⩽ n ⩽ 6 are the toroidal wavenumbers of the resonances. Although collisionless interaction with the TF ripple does not pose a serious threat to the NNBI project, an open question remains as to whether the presence of these resonances will interact with fast particles accelerated by Alfvén eigenmodes, and if stochastization of the resonances is possible in DTT, as was observed in the past in TORE SUPRA.

日本語訳

本論文では、ダイバータ・トカマク試験装置(DTT)における高速イオン運動を解析する(Albanese et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion016010)。DTTは、イタリア・パドヴァのConsorzio RFXが現在開発中の負イオン源中性粒子ビーム加熱(NNBI)を含む45MWの加熱能力を有する計画である(Agonetti et al 2019 Fusion Eng. Design146 441–446)。DTTでは、低磁場側において、軸上磁場B0に対して最大約0.42%のトロイダル磁場(TF)リップルが生じることが予想されており、このリップルは、ポロイダル面内で完全な周回軌道を描かないイオンの即時損失に加え、リップル歳差共鳴という周知の現象を通じて高速イオンと相互作用する。計画された幾何形状では、即時損失は無視できる程度であり、リップル歳差共鳴による損失は最大0.15%であることを示す。計算は、案内中心コードOrbitを用いて、2つの異なる平衡配位と、エネルギー400keV、入射角αinj = 40°(第一壁に対して測定)のビームについて実施する。これは、入射粒子のピッチλ = v∥/v ≈ sin αinj = 0.65に相当する。主な共鳴は、ωb − nNωd = 0の形式であり、ここでωbとωdはそれぞれバウンス周波数と歳差周波数、N = 18はリップル周期数、3 ≤ n ≤ 6は共鳴のトロイダルモード数を表す。TFリップルとの無衝突相互作用はNNBI計画にとって深刻な脅威ではないものの、これらの共鳴がアルヴェン固有モードによって加速された高速粒子と相互作用するかどうか、またTORE SUPRAで過去に観測されたようにDTTにおいて共鳴の確率カオス化が生じ得るかどうかは、未解決の問題として残されている。

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