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On the conditions for up–down asymmetry in the core of tokamak equilibria: a matter of simple geometry

João P.S. Bizarro2014年被引用 4Nuclear FusionIF 3出版社

Drawing from decades-long-established results on tokamak equilibria (showing that flux surfaces closely surrounding the magnetic axis are ellipses), and using basic geometry and back-of-the-envelope calculations, recent theoretical results are revisited which have revealed that, for an externally imposed tilting, the elongation and hence the up–down asymmetry (UDA) of flux surfaces in the core of a tokamak plasma are inversely proportional to the toroidal current density flowing on axis. A figure of merit is also proposed to measure on-axis UDA, which stems from a simple geometrical analysis of elliptical flux surfaces and lies between zero and one. Moreover, it is shown that the current density on axis is bounded from below by the asymmetry-controlling coefficients themselves (which are essentially set by external shaping coils), meaning there is no way around it: enforcing stronger ellipticity from the outside can only result in increasing the minimum current density allowed in the core, whereas trying to make the latter go down is only possible with milder shaping coefficients. Such a severe structural constraint is simply the manifestation of a topological necessary condition to have closed flux surfaces nested around a tokamak magnetic axis and suggests that experimental attempts to push UDA from a strongly shaped plasma boundary into the core will remain mostly elusive.

日本語訳

トカマク平衡に関する長年にわたって確立された結果(磁気軸を密に取り囲む磁気面が楕円形であることを示す)を踏まえ、基礎的な幾何学と簡便な計算を用いて、最近の理論的結果を再検討する。その結果、外部から強制された傾斜に対して、トカマクプラズマのコアにおける磁気面の伸長度、ひいては上下非対称性(UDA)は、磁気軸上を流れるトロイダル電流密度に反比例することが明らかにされた。また、楕円形磁気面の単純な幾何学的解析に基づき、磁気軸上のUDAを定量化する指標が提案され、その値は0から1の間に収まる。さらに、磁気軸上の電流密度は、非対称性を制御する係数そのもの(本質的には外部の成形コイルによって設定される)によって下界が定まることが示される。すなわち、これは回避不可能な制約であり、外部から楕円度を強くすればするほど、コアで許容される最小電流密度は増大する一方、後者を低下させようとすれば、成形コイルの係数を弱める以外に方法はない。この厳しい構造的制約は、トカマク磁気軸の周囲に閉じた磁気面が存在するための位相幾何学的必要条件が具現化したものに他ならず、強く成形されたプラズマ境界からコアへとUDAを押し込もうとする実験的試みは、ほとんど成功しないであろうことを示唆している。

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